Ket qua tai chinh

Tong quan

Ket qua tai chinh la chenh lech giua loi nhuan truoc lai vay va thue va loi nhuan truoc thue. No duoc xac dinh boi khoan lai hoac lo phat sinh tu cac hoat dong tai chinh.

Dien giai

Doi voi hau het cac cong ty cong nghiep, ket qua tai chinh la am, vi lai vay phai tra nhin chung vuot qua thu nhap tu dau tu (co tuc). Neu mot cong ty ghi nhan Ket qua tai chinh duong trong nhieu ky, nguoi ta phai dat cau hoi la bao nhieu von da duoc dau tu o lai suat nao, va lieu so von nay co mang lai su no luc lon hon neu duoc dau tu vao su tang truong cua cong ty hay khong. Trong truong hop ket qua tai chinh duong, on dinh, mot cong ty cung phai doi pho voi nhu cau ngay cang tang ve viec phan phoi dac biet cho cac co dong cua minh.

Cong thuc tinh

Ve mat toan hoc, ket qua tai chinh duoc xac dinh nhu sau:

Ket qua tai chinh

=

Thu nhap lai

−

Chi phi lai vay

±

Giam gia tri/tang gia tri tai san tai chinh

±

Giam gia tri/tang gia tri chung khoan kinh doanh

p

Thu nhap va chi phi tai chinh khac

{\displaystyle \textstyle {\begin{aligned}{\mbox{Financial result }}&={\mbox{ Interest income}}\\&-{\mbox{ Interest expense}}\\&\pm {\mbox{ Write-downs/write-ups for financial assets}}\\&\pm {\mbox{ Write-downs/write-ups for marketable securities}}\\&+{\mbox{ Other financial income and expenses}}\end{aligned}}}

Uu diem

Cac uu diem cua viec su dung ket qua tai chinh nhu mot chi so hieu suat chinh

Ket qua tai chinh cung cap thong tin ve chi phi tai chinh. Thong tin co the thu duoc ve cac cong ty khong hop nhat.

Nhuoc diem

Cac nhuoc diem cua viec su dung ket qua tai chinh nhu mot chi so hieu suat chinh

Cac thanh phan hoat dong co the duoc bao gom trong ket qua tai chinh (vi du: thu nhap tu cac hoat dong tai chinh). Thu nhap dau tu la mot thanh phan cua ket qua tai chinh khong cung cap bat ky thong tin nao ve rui ro von co trong khoan dau tu nay. Ket qua tai chinh co the bien dong manh theo thoi gian.

Boi canh ke toan

Trong bao cao tai chinh, ket qua tai chinh thuong tao thanh mot phan cua muc thu nhap va chi phi phi hoat dong cua cong ty trong bao cao thu nhap. No phan anh anh huong ro cua thu nhap tai chinh (nhu thu nhap lai va co tuc) va chi phi tai chinh (nhu chi phi lai vay va lo tu cac cong cu tai chinh), tach biet khoi hieu suat hoat dong. Theo Chuan muc Bao cao Tai chinh Quoc te (IFRS), chi phi lai vay va thu nhap lai thuong duoc trinh bay tach biet khoi loi nhuan hoat dong tru phi hoat dong kinh doanh chinh cua mot thuc the lien quan den tai chinh. Tuc tuong tu, GAAP cua Hoa ky phan biet loi nhuan hoat dong voi cac khoan muc phi hoat dong nhu thu nhap lai va chi phi lai vay, cac khoan nay cung gop phan vao loi nhuan truoc thue.

Tai lieu tham khao

Wiehle, Ulrich, Henryk Deter, Michael Rolf, Michael Diegelmann, Peter Noel Schomig. 100 IFRS Financial Ratios (Cometis AG), 2005, ISBN 978-3-9809461-7-9