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Digital assets and currencies

Understand assets, networks and trading mechanics with sources you can check.

Banking

2014 JPMorgan Chase data breach

The 2014 JPMorgan Chase data breach was a cyberattack against American bank JPMorgan Chase that is believed to have compromised data associated with over 83 million accounts—76 million households (approximately two out of three households in the country) and 7 million small businesses. The data breach is considered one of the most serious intrusions into an American corporation's informa

Banking

2015–2016 SWIFT banking hack

In 2015 and 2016, a series of cyberattacks using the SWIFT banking network were reported, resulting in the successful theft of millions of dollars. The attacks were perpetrated by a hacker group known as APT 38 whose tactics, techniques and procedure overlap with the infamous Lazarus Group who are believed to be behind the Sony attacks. Experts agree that APT 38 was formed following the

Assets

2016 Bitfinex hack

The Bitfinex cryptocurrency exchange was hacked in August 2016. 119,756 bitcoins, worth about US$72 million at the time, were stolen.

Finance

Aave

Aave is a decentralized finance protocol (DeFi) that enables the lending and borrowing of cryptocurrencies without the involvement of intermediary financial institutions.

Fiat currencies

Bamboo tally

Bamboo tallies (Traditional Chinese: 錢籌; Simplified Chinese: 钱筹; Pinyin: qián chóu), alternatively known as bamboo tokens or bamboo money, were a type of alternative currency that was produced in Eastern China (primarily in the provinces of Shandong, Jiangsu, and Zhejiang often around the cities of Suzhou and Wuxi) from the 1870s until the 1940s and were used to supplement Chinese cash c

Fiat currencies

Bar Kokhba Revolt coinage

Bar Kokhba revolt coinage were coins issued by the Judaean rebel state, headed by Simon Bar Kokhba, during the Bar Kokhba revolt against the Roman Empire of 132–135 CE.

Fiat currencies

Chinese token (alternative currency)

Chinese tokens (Traditional Chinese: 中國代用幣; Simplified Chinese: 中国代用币; Pinyin: zhōng guó dài yòng bì) were an alternative currency in the form of token coins produced in China during the late Qing dynasty around the time of the Taiping Rebellion in the province of Jiangsu but not by the Taiping government, which had issued its own currency. Later tokens were again issued in Jiangsu durin

Payments & settlement

Chip Authentication Program

The Chip Authentication Program (CAP) is a MasterCard initiative and technical specification for using EMV banking smartcards for authenticating users and transactions in online and telephone banking. It was also adopted by Visa as Dynamic Passcode Authentication (DPA). The CAP specification defines a handheld device (CAP reader) with a smartcard slot, a numeric keypad, and a display cap

Assets

Decentraland

Decentraland is a 3D virtual world platform. Users may buy virtual plots of land in the platform as NFTs via the MANA cryptocurrency, which uses the Ethereum blockchain. Designers can create and sell clothes and accessories for the avatars to be used in the virtual world.

Payments & settlement

Dinarak

Dinarak (Al-Mutakamilah for Payments Services via Mobile Phone) is a mobile wallet, money transfer, electronic bill payment, funds disbursement service, licensed by the Central Bank of Jordan under the JoMoPay national switch and launched in late 2015 as Dinarak wallet as part of the Jordanian central bank's efforts to advocate financial inclusion for the un-banked segment of the Jordani

Trading basics

Dragalia Lost

Dragalia Lost was an action role-playing game developed by Cygames and published by Nintendo. It was released for Android and iOS in September 2018 before being discontinued in November 2022. The game received mixed reviews from critics.

Fiat currencies

E-gold

E-gold or eGold was a digital gold currency operated by Gold & Silver Reserve Inc. (G&SR) that allowed users to make payments, which it called "spends", in grams of gold, silver, and other precious metals. E-gold was launched in 1996 and grew to five million accounts by 2009, when transfers were suspended due to legal issues. At its peak in 2006, e-gold processed more than US$2 billion w

Trading basics

Echoes of Mana

Echoes of Mana was a 2022 action role-playing video game developed by Wright Flyer Studios and published by Square Enix for Android and iOS devices as a spin-off within the Mana series. Following the adventures of a warrior chosen by the Mana Tree to travel multiple worlds in pursuit of a great evil, the gameplay featured the protagonist exploring different worlds based on earlier Mana e

Networks

Ember Sword

Ember Sword was a planned massively multiplayer online role-playing sandbox blockchain game developed by Bright Star Studios for macOS and Windows. Presented from a three-dimensional isometric perspective, Ember Sword had players battle against each other or non-player characters, enhancing their character's abilities by equipping different weapons and armor. Players were able to trade w

Trading basics

Evony

Evony (formerly known as Civony) is a multiplayer online game by American developer Evony LLC, set in the European medieval period. Two browser-based versions (Age 1 and Age 2) and a mobile version (The King's Return) exist. The game became notorious for its original ad campaign, which featured scantily clad women (including models from pornographic film covers) that had nothing to do wi

Trading basics

Final Fantasy All the Bravest

Final Fantasy All the Bravest was a video game in the Final Fantasy series developed by BitGroove and published by Square Enix. The game was released for iOS and Android mobile devices.

Trading basics

Final Fantasy Brave Exvius

Final Fantasy Brave Exvius was a free-to-play role-playing video game developed by Alim and published by Square Enix for iOS and Android. Serving as a spin-off of the Final Fantasy series, the game was the first collaborative effort between Square Enix and Alim. Since August 2019, the app had been downloaded over 40 million times worldwide. A tactical RPG spin-off video game, War of the

Trading basics

Final Fantasy Record Keeper

Final Fantasy Record Keeper is a free-to-play role-playing gacha game developed and published by DeNA for iOS and Android. The game features original characters and stories interacting with characters, scenarios, and battles from other games in the Final Fantasy series. It was released in Japan on September 24, 2014, and worldwide on March 26, 2015. The gameplay primarily consists of Act

Finance

FX Fighter Kurumi-chan

FX Fighter Kurumi-chan (Japanese: FX戦士くるみちゃん, Hepburn: FX Senshi Kurumi-chan) is a Japanese manga series written by Demunyan and illustrated by Daisuki Tansan. It was originally published as a web comic on Demunyan's personal website, before beginning serialization in Media Factory's Monthly Comic Flapper magazine in February 2021. An anime television series adaptation produced by Passio

Banking

Highway 301 (film)

Highway 301 is an American 1950 film noir written and directed by Andrew L. Stone and starring Steve Cochran, Virginia Grey, Gaby André and Edmon Ryan.

Banking

Hollow Sword Blade Company

The Hollow Sword Blades Company was a British joint-stock company founded in 1691 by a goldsmith, Sir Stephen Evance, for the manufacture of hollow-ground rapiers.

Networks

Immutable (company)

Immutable Pty Ltd (formerly Fuel Games) is an Australian cryptocurrency company which develops blockchain games and non-fungible tokens (NFTs). The company was founded in 2018 and headquartered in Sydney, Australia.

Trading basics

LastPass

LastPass is a password manager application. The standard version of LastPass comes as a web interface, but also includes a browser extension, an app and support for bookmarklets.

Trading basics

Miniconomy

Miniconomy (also called MC by players) is an online, browser based, economic and trade simulation game developed in the Netherlands. The game has over 141,000 registered players from 100 countries that can play the game in English, Spanish, Danish, Portuguese, German, French and Dutch. As of March 2016, 149 rounds have been completed.

Trading basics

Neverness to Everness

Neverness to Everness (NTE; simplified Chinese: 异环; traditional Chinese: 異環; pinyin: Yì Huán, lit. 'Strange Ring') is an open world action role-playing hack and slash game developed by Hotta Studio, a subsidiary of Perfect World. In the city of Hethereau, the player is an Appraiser who explores the open world and fights hostile forces.

Trading basics

One Piece Treasure Cruise

One Piece Treasure Cruise (ONE PIECE(ワンピース) トレジャークルーズ) is a free-to-play role-playing video game set in the One Piece universe, developed and published by Bandai Namco Entertainment. It was released for Android and iOS platforms. As of September 2019 the game has exceeded 100 million downloads worldwide. It features gacha game mechanics.

Payments & settlement

Online wallet

An online wallet is a software or web service that allows users to store and control their online shopping information, such as logins, passwords, shipping address and credit card details. It also provides a method for consumers to purchase products from online retailers.

Fiat currencies

QRIS

Quick Response Code Indonesia Standard (abbreviated as QRIS, the abbreviation being a wordplay on keris, a traditional sword; Indonesian: Kode QR Standar Indonesia) is a QR code payment system developed by Bank Indonesia (BI) and the Indonesian Payment System Association (ASPI) aimed to integrate all non-cash payment methods in Indonesia. Launched in 2019, the system enables peer-to-peer

Trading basics

Revue Starlight

Revue Starlight (少女☆歌劇 レヴュースタァライト, Shōjo Kageki Revyū Sutāraito; lit. Girls' Musical Revue Starlight) is a Japanese media franchise created in 2017 by Bushiroad, Nelke Planning and Kinema Citrus. It primarily consists of a series of musicals, debuting between 22 and 24 September 2017 at the AiiA 2.5 Theater Tokyo; a 12-episode anime television series directed by Tomohiro Furukawa which a

Banking

Security question

A security question is a form of shared secret used as an authenticator. It is commonly used by banks, cable companies and wireless providers as an extra security layer.

Payments & settlement

SMS banking

SMS banking is a form of mobile banking. It is a facility used by some banks or other financial institutions to send messages (also called notifications or alerts) to customers' mobile phones using SMS messaging, or a service provided by them which enables customers to perform some financial transactions using SMS.

Trading basics

Solidity

Solidity is a programming language for implementing smart contracts on various blockchain platforms, most notably Ethereum. Solidity is licensed under GNU General Public License v3.0. Solidity was designed by Gavin Wood and developed by Christian Reitwiessner, Alex Beregszaszi, and several former Ethereum core contributors. Programs in Solidity run on Ethereum Virtual Machine or on compa

Trading basics

Spiral Knights

Spiral Knights is a massively multiplayer online game created by Three Rings Design and now owned by Grey Havens. The free-to-play, Java-based game was released in 2011 and is still updated with new content and re-occurring events.

Trading basics

Sword Art Online: Integral Factor

Sword Art Online: Integral Factor is a Japanese massively multiplayer online open-world role-playing game developed by Asobimo and published by Bandai Namco Entertainment, released in December 2017, and based on the anime and manga series Sword Art Online.

Trading basics

SWORD-financing

SWORD-financing (stock and warrant off-balance sheet research & development financing) is a special form of financing invented to help junior biotech companies access institutional capital markets to finance their research and development (R&D) via establishing a special purpose entity and giving the investors partial rights to the outcomes of the R&D projects that they are funding.

Banking

Transaction authentication number

A transaction authentication number (TAN) is used by some online banking services as a form of single use one-time passwords (OTPs) to authorize financial transactions. TANs are a second layer of security above and beyond the traditional single-password authentication.

Trading basics

TreasuryDirect

TreasuryDirect is a website run by the Bureau of the Fiscal Service under the United States Department of the Treasury that allows US individual investors to purchase treasury securities, such as savings bonds, directly from the US government. It enables people to manage their investments online, including connecting their TreasuryDirect account to a bank account for deposits and withdra

Trading basics

Unam sanctam

Unam sanctam is a papal bull that was issued by Pope Boniface VIII on 18 November 1302. It laid down dogmatic propositions on the unity of the Catholic Church, the necessity of belonging to it for eternal salvation, the position of the Pope as supreme head of the Church and the duty thence arising of submission to the Pope in order to belong to the Church and thus to attain salvation. Th

Trading basics

White Cat Project

White Cat Project (Japanese: 白猫プロジェクト, Hepburn: Shironeko Purojekuto) is a free-to-play action role-playing game developed and published by Colopl for Android and iOS. It was initially released in Japan on July 14, 2014. An English version was released internationally under the title Colopl Rune Story and operated from July 23, 2015, to October 7, 2016. A spinoff title, White Cat Tennis

Finance

World Liberty Financial

World Liberty Financial (WLFI) is a decentralized finance protocol developed by its namesake company. It was founded in 2024 by Zachary Folkman, Chase Herro, Alex Witkoff, Zach Witkoff, and Trump family members. It is a business venture of the Trump family. The Trump family receives 75% of net proceeds when WLFI sells tokens, as well as gets a cut of stablecoin profits. By December 2025,