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Digital assets and currencies

Understand assets, networks and trading mechanics with sources you can check.

Banking

2014 JPMorgan Chase data breach

The 2014 JPMorgan Chase data breach was a cyberattack against American bank JPMorgan Chase that is believed to have compromised data associated with over 83 million accounts—76 million households (approximately two out of three households in the country) and 7 million small businesses. The data breach is considered one of the most serious intrusions into an American corporation's informa

Banking

2015–2016 SWIFT banking hack

In 2015 and 2016, a series of cyberattacks using the SWIFT banking network were reported, resulting in the successful theft of millions of dollars. The attacks were perpetrated by a hacker group known as APT 38 whose tactics, techniques and procedure overlap with the infamous Lazarus Group who are believed to be behind the Sony attacks. Experts agree that APT 38 was formed following the

Assets

2016 Bitfinex hack

The Bitfinex cryptocurrency exchange was hacked in August 2016. 119,756 bitcoins, worth about US$72 million at the time, were stolen.

Banking

2021 Banco de Oro hack

In late 2021, at least 700 account holders of the Philippine bank Banco de Oro (BDO) lost their money through unauthorized bank transfers.

Banking

211 (film)

211 (released in some territories as Code 211 or The Bank Heist) is a 2018 American crime action film directed by York Shackleton and written by John Rebus, based on a screenplay by Shackleton. The film stars Nicolas Cage, Dwayne Cameron, Alexandra Dinu, Michael Rainey Jr., Sophie Skelton and Ori Pfeffer. Very loosely based on the 1997 North Hollywood shootout, the plot follows a policem

Finance

Agricultural Bank of China

The Agricultural Bank of China (ABC), also known as AgBank, is a Chinese largely state-owned multinational banking and financial services corporation headquartered in Beijing, China. It is one of the "big four" banks in China, and the second largest bank in the world by total assets, behind the Industrial and Commercial Bank of China. ABC was founded on 10 July 1951, and has its headquar

Banking

Awaara

Awaara, also written Awāra and known overseas as The Vagabond, is a 1951 Indian crime drama film, produced and directed by Raj Kapoor, and written by Khwaja Ahmad Abbas and V.P. Sathe. It stars Raj Kapoor along with his real-life father Prithviraj Kapoor, as well as Nargis, Leela Chitnis and K. N. Singh. Other members of the Kapoor family make an appearance, including Raj's youngest brot

Banking

Baby Buggy Bunny

Baby Buggy Bunny is a 1954 Warner Bros. Merrie Melodies animated short directed by Chuck Jones and written by Michael Maltese. The cartoon was released on December 18, 1954, and stars Bugs Bunny. The story is about a short gangster named "Babyface" Finster (based on gangster Baby Face Nelson) who, after a clever bank robbery, loses his ill-gotten gains down Bugs' rabbit hole, forcing him

Banking

Bank fraud

Bank fraud is the use of potentially illegal means to obtain money, assets, or other property owned or held by a financial institution, or to obtain money from depositors by fraudulently posing as a bank or other financial institution. In many instances, bank fraud is a criminal offence.

Trading basics

Bank of Montreal

The Bank of Montreal (French: Banque de Montréal, pronounced [bɑ̃k də mɔ̃ʁeal]), abbreviated as BMO (pronounced BEE-moh), is a Canadian multinational investment bank and financial services company.

Banking

Best Men

Best Men is a 1997 American crime comedy film directed by Tamra Davis, and stars Sean Patrick Flanery, Luke Wilson, Andy Dick, Mitchell Whitfield, Fred Ward, Drew Barrymore, and Dean Cain.

Banking

Brothers (2009 film)

Brothers is a 2009 British psychological thriller war film directed by Jim Sheridan and written by David Benioff. The film is a remake of the 2004 Danish film by Susanne Bier, and both films take inspiration from the epic poem Odyssey by Homer. The film stars Tobey Maguire, Jake Gyllenhaal, Natalie Portman, Sam Shepard, Clifton Collins Jr., and Mare Winningham. The film follows Captain S

Fiat currencies

Drapier's Letters

Drapier's Letters is the collective name for a series of seven political pamphlets written between 1724 and 1725 by the Dean of St Patrick's Cathedral in Dublin, Jonathan Swift, to arouse public opinion in Ireland against the imposition of a privately minted copper coinage that Swift believed to be of inferior quality. William Wood was granted letters patent to mint the coin, and Swift s

Trading basics

E-toll (South Africa)

e-toll (in South Africa) consisted of the electronic toll collection (ETC) processes employed by South Africa's roads agency SANRAL on selected toll roads or toll lanes in the Gauteng province, subject to the Sanral Act of 1998. SANRAL derives its income both from toll income and the national fiscus, while initial capital outlay for large projects are funded by open market bond issues. I

Finance

Embezzlement

Embezzlement (from Anglo-Norman, from Old French besillier ("to torment, etc."), of unknown origin) is a type of financial crime, usually involving theft of money from a business or employer. It often involves a trusted individual taking advantage of their position to steal funds or assets, most commonly over a period of time.

Finance

Financial crime

Financial crime is any illegal activity involving money, finance or financial systems committed to secure personal or organizational gain. It includes crimes committed against property, involving the unlawful conversion of the ownership of property to one's own personal use and benefit. Financial crime covers a wide spectrum of illicit acts.

Finance

Fraud

In law, fraud is intentional deception to deprive a victim of a legal right or to gain from a victim unlawfully or unfairly. Fraud can violate civil law (e.g., a fraud victim may sue the fraud perpetrator to thwart the fraud or recover monetary compensation) or criminal law (e.g., a fraud perpetrator may be prosecuted and imprisoned by governmental authorities), or it may be an element o

Banking

German Cooperative Financial Group

The German Cooperative Financial Group (German: Genossenschaftliche FinanzGruppe Volksbanken Raiffeisenbanken, sometimes referred to in English as "Volksbanken Raiffeisenbanken Cooperative Financial Network") is a major and institutionalised cooperative banking network in Germany that includes local banks named Volksbanken ("people's banks") and Raiffeisenbanken ("Raiffeisen banks"), the

Banking

Hare Lift

Hare Lift is a 1952 Warner Bros. Looney Tunes short directed by Friz Freleng. The short was released on December 20, 1952, and stars Bugs Bunny and Yosemite Sam. The title is a play on the term "air lift," as expressed in the plotline. Some scenes where Yosemite Sam has trouble staying inside the plane as well as the banana peel gag sending him outside the door, sticking to it in fear, w

Banking

Henry Oberlander

Henry Oberlander (born c. 1927) was the leader of the Hungarian Circle, a gang that defrauded international banks of hundreds of millions of pounds. Following a global investigation, the gang were arrested in 1978 at their headquarters in West London, England. During the trial, the prosecution asserted that the gang "could have wrecked the entire banking system of the Western World". Th

Banking

Henry's Crime

Henry's Crime is a 2010 American romantic comedy crime film directed by Malcolm Venville and starring Keanu Reeves, Vera Farmiga, and James Caan. The film follows Henry (Reeves), who goes to jail for a bank robbery he did not commit. Once released, he plans to rob the same bank with his former cellmate Max (Caan). The film premiered at the Toronto International Film Festival on September

Banking

Inside Man

Inside Man is a 2006 American crime thriller film directed by Spike Lee and written by Russell Gewirtz. It centers on an elaborate bank heist-turned-hostage situation on Wall Street. The film stars Denzel Washington as Detective Keith Frazier, the NYPD's hostage negotiator, Clive Owen as Dalton Russell, the mastermind who orchestrates the heist, and Jodie Foster as Madeleine White, a Man

Securities & exchanges

Insider trading

Insider trading is the trading of a public company's stock or other securities (such as bonds or stock options) based on material, nonpublic information about the company. In many countries, trading based on insider information is illegal. The rationale for this prohibition of insider trading differs between countries and regions. Some view it as unfair to other investors in the market w

Finance

Market manipulation

In economics and finance, market manipulation occurs when someone intentionally alters the supply or demand of a security to influence its price. This can involve spreading misleading information, executing misleading trades, or manipulating quotes and prices.

Fiat currencies

Pakistan Forex scam case

In November 2008, Munaf Kalia (CEO of Khanani and Kalia International (Pvt.) Ltd.), Yusuf Kalia, and associates, were charged with illegally transferring funds from Pakistan to Afghanistan. In light of the charges, the State Bank of Pakistan revoked the license for Khanani and Kalia International to operate its foreign exchange business and shut down its offices.

Finance

Panama Papers

The Panama Papers (Spanish: Papeles de Panamá) are 11.5 million leaked documents (2.6 terabytes of data) published from April 3, 2016. The papers detail financial and attorney–client information for more than 214,488 offshore entities. These documents, some dating back to the 1970s, were created by, and taken from, the former Panamanian offshore law firm and corporate service provider Mo

Trading basics

Protection racket

A protection racket is a racketeering scheme, usually perpetrated by a criminal organization, that coerces payments on a regular basis from an individual, group, or business in exchange for agreeing to not harm them (or for purportedly "protecting" them). The threat of harm may be indirectly communicated or implied, and it may include violence, robbery, ransacking, arson, vandalism, etc

Trading basics

Regza

Regza (stylized REGZA) is a brand of televisions currently made by Japanese company TVS REGZA Corporation based in Kawasaki, Kanagawa, a subsidiary of Chinese company Hisense. It was formerly the sub-brand of flat-panel TVs from Toshiba and is now only marketed in Japan and number of other countries.

Securities & exchanges

Richard Dennis

Richard J. Dennis, a commodities speculator once known as the "Prince of the Pit," was born in Chicago, in January, 1949. In the early 1970s, he borrowed $1,600 and reportedly made $350 million. When a futures trading fund under his management incurred significant losses in the stock market crash of 1987 he retired from trading for several years. He has been active in Democratic and Lib

Securities & exchanges

Securities fraud

Securities fraud, also known as stock fraud and investment fraud, is a deceptive practice in the stock or commodities markets that induces investors to make purchase or sale decisions on the basis of false information. The setups are generally made to result in monetary gain for the deceivers, and generally result in unfair monetary losses for the investors. They are generally violating

Banking

State bank (United States)

In the United States, a state bank is a bank in a U.S. state that is chartered by the government of that state, as opposed to a national bank which is chartered at the federal level.

Payments & settlement

SWIFT

The Society for Worldwide Interbank Financial Telecommunication (SWIFT), legally S.W.I.F.T. SC, is a cooperative established in 1973 in Belgium (French: Société Coopérative) and owned by the banks and other member firms that use its service. SWIFT provides the main messaging network through which international payments are initiated. It also sells software and services to financial insti

Banking

The Bank Dick

The Bank Dick, released as The Bank Detective in the United Kingdom, is a 1940 American comedy film starring W. C. Fields. Set in Lompoc, California, Fields plays Egbert Sousé, a drunk who accidentally thwarts a bank robbery and ends up a bank security guard as a result.

Banking

The Bank Job

The Bank Job is a 2008 heist thriller film directed by Roger Donaldson and written by Dick Clement and Ian La Frenais. It is based on the 1971 burglary of Lloyds Bank safety deposit boxes in Baker Street. It stars Jason Statham.

Banking

The Deadly Companions

The Deadly Companions is a 1961 American Western film directed by Sam Peckinpah, in his feature directorial debut. It stars Maureen O'Hara, Brian Keith, Steve Cochran, and Chill Wills. Based on the 1960 novel Yellowleg by Sid Fleischman (credited as 'A. S. Fleischman'), the film is about an ex-Union Army soldier who accidentally kills a woman's son, and tries to make up for it by escorti

Banking

The Great Bank Robbery

The Great Bank Robbery is a 1969 Western comedy film from Warner Bros.-Seven Arts directed by Hy Averback and written by William Peter Blatty, based on the novel by Frank O'Rourke. The movie had a soundtrack with songs by Jimmy Van Heusen.

Banking

The Great Northfield, Minnesota Raid

The Great Northfield, Minnesota Raid is a 1972 American Western film about the James-Younger Gang. Distributed by Universal Pictures, it was written and directed by Philip Kaufman in a cinéma vérité style and stars Cliff Robertson. The film purports to recreate the James-Younger Gang's most infamous escapade, the September 7, 1876 robbery of "the biggest bank west of the Mississippi", in

Banking

The Great St. Louis Bank Robbery

The Great St. Louis Bank Robbery (also called The St. Louis Bank Robbery, the film title in the opening credits) is a 1959 American heist film directed by Charles Guggenheim and starring Steve McQueen as a college dropout hired to be the getaway driver in a bank robbery.

Finance

The Security Printing Corporation (Bangladesh) Ltd.

The Security Printing Corporation (Bangladesh) Ltd. (SPCBL; Bengali: দি সিকিউরিটি প্রিন্টিং কর্পোরেশন (বাংলাদেশ) লিমিটেড) is the main printer of banknotes and government postal stamps in Bangladesh.

Trading basics

Toshiba

Toshiba Corporation (株式会社東芝, Kabushikigaisha Tōshiba; English: ) is a Japanese multinational electronics company headquartered in Saiwai-ku, Kawasaki, Kanagawa Prefecture. Its diversified products and services include power, industrial and social infrastructure systems, elevators and escalators, electronic components, semiconductors, hard disk drives, printers, batteries, lighting, as w

Banking

Toyokawa Shinkin Bank incident

The Toyokawa Shinkin Bank incident (豊川信用金庫事件, Toyokawa Shin'yō Kinko Jiken) was a bank run on Toyokawa Shinkin Bank (豊川信用金庫, Toyokawa Shin'yō Kinko) in what was then Kozakai, Aichi Prefecture, Japan in December 1973.

Trading basics

Westinghouse Electric Company

Westinghouse Electric Company LLC is an American nuclear power company formed in 1999 from the nuclear power division of the original Westinghouse Electric Corporation. It offers nuclear products and services to utilities internationally, including nuclear fuel, service and maintenance, instrumentation, control and design of nuclear power plants. Westinghouse's world headquarters are loc

Securities & exchanges

World Trade Center in popular culture

The original World Trade Center, which featured the landmark Twin Towers (1 WTC and 2 WTC), was a building complex in the Financial District in Lower Manhattan, New York City. 1 and 2 World Trade Center – the North and South Tower – stood at 417 and 415 meters (1,368 and 1,362 feet) with 110-stories respectively, becoming the tallest buildings in the world from 1971 to 1973. The North To