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Digital assets and currencies
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2025 Czech government Bitcoin scandal
The 2025 Czech government Bitcoin scandal was a scandal in the Czech Republic that involved a donation of 468 Bitcoins to the country's Ministry of Justice. The Czech daily newspaper, Deník N, reported that the Minister of Justice, Pavel Blažek, accepted the donation from Tomáš Jiřikovský, which was worth one billion Czech koruna at the time (approximately $45,000,000 USD). Jiřikovský ha
FinanceAudit Scotland
Audit Scotland (Scottish Gaelic: Buidheann-sgrùdaidh na h-Alba) is an independent public body responsible for auditing most of Scotland's public organisations.
Trading basicsBahamian dollar
The dollar (sign: $; code: BSD) has been the currency of The Bahamas since 1966. It is normally abbreviated with the dollar sign $, or alternatively B$ to distinguish it from other dollar-denominated currencies. It is divided into 100 cents.
Trading basicsBahraini dinar
The dinar (Arabic: دينار بحريني, romanized: Dīnār Baḥrēnī) (sign: .د.ب or BD; code: BHD) is the currency of Bahrain. Each dinar is divided into 1000 fulūs (singular is "fils"). The Bahraini dinar is abbreviated د.ب (Arabic) or BD (Latin). It is usually represented with three decimal places denoting the fils.
Trading basicsBarbadian dollar
The Barbadian dollar (sign: $; code: BBD) is the official currency in Barbados. It is often abbreviated to international unofficial abbreviations in Barbados such as: B$, BD$ or the International vehicle registration code BDS$ is also commonly used, a currency code that is otherwise reserved for Bangladesh (ISO 3166-1 country code BD) outside Barbados. As such the present Barbados dollar
Securities & exchangesBinary option
A binary option is a financial exotic option in which the payoff is either some fixed monetary amount or nothing at all. The two main types of binary options are the cash-or-nothing binary option and the asset-or-nothing binary option. The former pays some fixed amount of cash if the option expires in-the-money while the latter pays the value of the underlying security. They are also cal
Trading basicsBitcoin City
Bitcoin City is a planned smart city project in La Unión, El Salvador. The planned city is intended to be a tax haven, and to use geothermal energy to power Bitcoin mining. The feasibility of its reliance on both geothermal energy and Bitcoin have been the subject of criticism, alongside concerns regarding delays in the project's financing and construction.
Trading basicsBitcoin Law
The Bitcoin Law (Spanish: Ley Bitcoin, pronounced [ˈlej biðˈkojn]) was passed by the Legislative Assembly of El Salvador on 8 June 2021, giving the cryptocurrency bitcoin the status of legal tender within El Salvador after 7 September 2021. It was proposed by President Nayib Bukele. The text of the law stated that "the purpose of this law is to regulate bitcoin as unrestricted legal tend
Securities & exchangesBorsa Istanbul
The Borsa İstanbul (BİST) is the sole exchange entity of Turkey combining the former Istanbul Stock Exchange (ISE; Turkish: İstanbul Menkul Kıymetler Borsası, IMKB), the Istanbul Gold Exchange (İstanbul Altın Borsası, İAB) and the Derivatives Exchange of Turkey (Vadeli İşlem Opsiyon Borsası, VOB) under one umbrella. It was established as an incorporated company with a founding capital o
Securities & exchangesBourse Palace
The Bourse Palace (French: Palais de la Bourse; Dutch: Beurspaleis), often simply called the Bourse (French: la Bourse; Dutch: de Beurs), is a former stock exchange building in Brussels, Belgium. It was previously the seat of the Brussels Stock Exchange (BSE). Since 2023, its upper floors have housed the Belgian Beer World museum.
Securities & exchangesBrussels Stock Exchange
The Brussels Stock Exchange (French: Bourse de Bruxelles [buʁs də bʁysɛl]; Dutch: Beurs van Brussel [ˈbøːrs fɑm ˈbrʏsəl]), abbreviated to BSE, is a stock exchange founded in Brussels, Belgium, by decree of Napoleon in 1801. In 2000, the BSE merged with the Amsterdam, Lisbon and Paris stock exchanges into Euronext, renaming the BSE Euronext Brussels. The benchmark stock market index on th
FinanceCaribbean Financial Action Task Force
The Caribbean Financial Action Task Force (CFATF) is an organization of states and territories of the Caribbean Basin that have agreed to implement common counter-measures against money laundering. CFATF has associate status within the Financial Action Task Force on Money Laundering (FATF).
BankingCentral Reserve Bank of Peru
The Central Reserve Bank of Peru (Spanish: Banco Central de Reserva del Perú; BCRP) is the Peruvian central bank. It mints and issues metal and paper money, the sol.
FinanceChancellor of the Exchequer
The chancellor of the exchequer (formally chancellor and under treasurer of His Majesty’s exchequer), often abbreviated to chancellor, is a senior minister of the Crown within the Government of the United Kingdom, and the head of His Majesty's Treasury. As one of the four Great Offices of State, the chancellor is a high-ranking member of the British Cabinet.
BankingChinese wall
A Chinese wall or ethical wall is an information barrier protocol within an organization designed to prevent exchange of information or communication that could lead to conflicts of interest. For example, a Chinese wall may be established to separate people who make investments from those who are privy to confidential information that could improperly influence the investment decisions.
Trading basicsComorian franc
The franc (French: franc comorien; Arabic: فرنك قمري; sign: FC; ISO 4217 code: KMF) is the official currency of Comoros. It is nominally subdivided into 100 centimes, although no centime denominations have ever been issued.
FinanceComputer Associates
Computer Associates International, Inc., later CA, Inc., and CA Technologies, Inc., was an American multinational enterprise software developer and publisher that existed from 1976 to 2018. CA grew to rank as one of the largest independent software corporations in the world, and at one point was the second largest. The company created system software (and for a while applications softwar
Trading basicsCook Islands dollar
The Cook Islands dollar is the current currency of the Cook Islands, which is used alongside the New Zealand dollar. The dollar is subdivided into 100 cents, with some older 50-cent coins carrying the denomination as "50 tene".
FinanceDepartment of Finance (Australia)
The Department of Finance is a department of the Australian Government that is responsible for assisting the government across a wide range of policy areas to ensure its outcomes are met, particularly with regard to expenditure, fiscal management and operations of government.
FinanceDepartment of Finance (Northern Ireland)
The Department of Finance (DoF, Irish: An Roinn Airgeadais, Ulster-Scots: Männystrie o Siller) is a devolved Northern Ireland government department in the Northern Ireland Executive. The minister with overall responsibility for the department is the Minister for Finance. The incumbent Minister is John O'Dowd.
FinanceDepartment of Finance (Papua New Guinea)
Papua New Guinea's Department of Finance is responsible for the "protection of public money" in Papua New Guinea (PNG). It aims to improve "the transparency and accountability of the accounting and financial reporting and their frameworks" in the country. The department is led by a Minister of Finance. The headquarters of the department are at Vulupindi Haus, Waigani.
Trading basicsEdmondson railway ticket
The Edmondson railway ticket was a system for recording the payment of railway fares and accounting for the revenue raised, introduced in the 1840s. It is named after its inventor, Thomas Edmondson, a trained cabinet maker, who became a station master on the Newcastle and Carlisle Railway in England.
Trading basicsFaroese króna
The króna (plural: krónur; sign: kr) is the currency of the Faroe Islands. It is issued by Danmarks Nationalbank, the central bank of Denmark. It is not a separate currency, but is rather a local issue of banknotes denominated in the Danish krone, although Danish-issued coins are still used. Consequently, it does not have an ISO 4217 currency code and instead shares that of the Danish kr
FinanceFederal Ministry of Finance (Germany)
The Federal Ministry of Finance (German: Bundesministerium der Finanzen, pronounced [ˈbʊndəsminɪsˌteːʁiʊm deːɐ̯ fiˈnantsn̩]; abbreviated BMF) is the cabinet-level finance ministry of Germany, with its seat at the Detlev-Rohwedder-Haus in Berlin and a secondary office in Bonn.
BankingFinancial Crimes Enforcement Network
The Financial Crimes Enforcement Network (FinCEN) is a bureau within the United States Department of the Treasury that collects and analyzes information about financial transactions to combat domestic and international money laundering, terrorist financing, and other financial crimes.
FinanceFloor trader
A floor trader is a member of a stock or commodities exchange who trades on the floor of that exchange for their own account. The floor trader must abide by trading rules similar to those of the exchange specialists who trade on behalf of others. The term should not be confused with floor broker.
Payments & settlementGovPay
GovPay is a digital payment platform launched by the Government of Sri Lanka to streamline and modernise payment processes for government services. Officially introduced on 7 February 2025, under the patronage of President Anura Kumara Dissanayake, GovPay represents a significant step toward the digitalization of public services in Sri Lanka. This is a joint initiative of the Ministry of
Trading basicsHistory of bitcoin
Bitcoin is a cryptocurrency, a digital asset that uses cryptography to control its creation and management rather than relying on central authorities. Originally designed as a medium of exchange, Bitcoin is now primarily regarded as a store of value. The history of bitcoin started with its invention and implementation by Satoshi Nakamoto, who integrated many existing ideas from the crypt
Securities & exchangesInstinet
Instinet Incorporated is an institutional, agency-model broker that also serves as the independent equity trading arm of its parent, Nomura Group. It executes trades for asset management firms, hedge funds, insurance companies, mutual funds and pension funds. Headquartered in New York City, the company provides sales trading services and trading technologies such as the Newport EMS, algo
Securities & exchangesJay Clayton
Walter Joseph "Jay" Clayton III (born July 11, 1966) is an American attorney who has served as the 9th director of national intelligence since August 2026. Clayton has additionally served as the White House AI czar since October 2026. He served as the United States attorney for the Southern District of New York from 2025 to 2026 and as the chairman of the Securities and Exchange Commissi
Payments & settlementLankaQR
LankaQR, stylised in all caps as LANKAQR, is a national QR code payment system in Sri Lanka, initiated by the Central Bank of Sri Lanka (CBSL) in collaboration with LankaClear (Pvt) Ltd and licensed financial institutions. The standard was introduced on 12 October 2018 and formally launched on 11 March 2019, aiming to promote a cashless society, enhance financial inclusion, and reduce re
FinanceMinistry of Economic Affairs and Finance (Iran)
The Ministry of Economic Affairs and Finance' is a ministry of the Iranian government that oversees treasury, commerce, industry, financial markets and labor in Iran. Its functions include:
FinanceMinistry of Economics and Finance (France)
The Ministry of Economics, Finance and Industrial and Digital Sovereignty (French: Ministère de l'Économie, des Finances et de la Souveraineté industrielle et numérique, pronounced [ministɛʁ d(ə) lekɔnɔmi e definɑ̃s]), informally referred to as Bercy, is one of the most important ministries in the Government of France. Its minister is one of the most prominent cabinet members after the p
FinanceMinistry of Economy and Finance (Ecuador)
The Ministry of Economy and Finance is a cabinet ministry of the government of Ecuador responsible for overseeing the nation's public finances. The current minister is Sariha Moya since 2025.
FinanceMinistry of Economy and Finance (Guinea)
The Ministry of Economy and Finance of Guinea is a department of the Government of Guinea in charge of public finances of Guinea.
FinanceMinistry of Economy and Finance (Italy)
The Ministry of Economy and Finance (Italian: Ministero dell'Economia e delle Finanze), also known by the acronym MEF, is a ministry of the Italian government. Its responsibilities include overseeing economic policy, public investments and spending. The Ministry's headquarters are located in Rome's historic Palazzo delle Finanze. The current minister in the Meloni Cabinet is Giancarlo Gi
FinanceMinistry of Economy and Finance (Morocco)
The Ministry of Economy and Finance is the ministerial department of the government of Morocco responsible for the development and implementation of the country's economic policy and financial policy.
FinanceMinistry of Economy and Finance (Peru)
The Ministry of Economy and Finance (Spanish: Ministerio de Economía y Finanzas, MEF) of Peru is the government ministry responsible for the planning and execution of economic policies of the Peruvian government with the goal of optimizing the economic and financial activities of the state, establish macroeconomic activity, and achieve the sustainable growth of the nation's economy.
FinanceMinistry of finance
A ministry of finance is a ministry or other government agency in charge of government finance, fiscal policy, and financial regulation. It is headed by a finance minister, an executive or cabinet position.
FinanceMinistry of Finance (Afghanistan)
The Ministry of Finance of Afghanistan (Dari: وزارت مالیه افغانستان, Pashto: د افغانستان د مالیې وزارت) is responsible for the implementation and execution of the budget, collection of taxes, organization, and control of public expenses in Afghanistan; it also controls the management of the Custom Affairs. It is located next to the Pashtunistan Square in the Wazir Akbar Khan neighborhood
FinanceMinistry of Finance (Algeria)
The Ministry of Finance (Arabic: وزارة المالیة, French: Ministère des finances) is a government ministry of Algeria responsible for public finances. As of 2025, Abdelkrim Bouzred is the current Minister of Finance.
FinanceMinistry of Finance (Azerbaijan)
The Ministry of Finance of Azerbaijan Republic (Azerbaijani: Azərbaycan Respublikasının Maliyyə Nazirliyi) is a governmental agency within the Cabinet of Azerbaijan in charge of regulating the financial sector in Azerbaijan Republic. The ministry is headed by Sahil Babayev.
FinanceMinistry of Finance (Bangladesh)
The Ministry of Finance (Bengali: অর্থ মন্ত্রণালয়, romanized: Artha Montronaloy) is a ministry of the Government of Bangladesh responsible for financial management, economic policy, and fiscal administration. It serves as the principal government body overseeing the country’s budget, taxation, public expenditure, and financial regulations.
FinanceMinistry of Finance (Chile)
The Ministry of Finance (Spanish: Ministerio de Hacienda) is the cabinet-level administrative office in charge of managing the financial affairs, fiscal policy, and capital markets of Chile; planning, directing, coordinating, executing, controlling and informing all financial policies formulated by the President of Chile.
FinanceMinistry of Finance (Denmark)
The Ministry of Finance of Denmark (Danish: Finansministeriet) is a ministry in the Government of Denmark. Among other things, it is in charge of the government budget (subject to approval by the Danish parliament, Folketinget), paying government employees and improving efficiency in government administration. The current Finance Minister of Denmark is Nicolai Wammen.
FinanceMinistry of Finance (Egypt)
The Ministry of Finance of Egypt is part of the Cabinet of Egypt. It is responsible for increasing the rate of economic growth and job creation, thus contributing to raising the standard of living of the individual and society as a whole. The minister was Mohamed Maait. It is located in the Government District of The New Capital.
FinanceMinistry of Finance (El Salvador)
The Ministry of Finance (Spanish: Ministerio de Hacienda) of El Salvador is the government ministry of El Salvador in charge of directing the fiscal policy on public resources, so that it promotes stability and sustainability of public finances.
FinanceMinistry of Finance (Iceland)
The Icelandic Ministry of Finance (Icelandic: Fjármálaráðuneytið) is responsible for overseeing the finances of the Icelandic government. The Minister for Finance and Economic Affairs is Daði Már Kristófersson.
FinanceMinistry of Finance (India)
The Ministry of Finance (IAST: Vitta Mantrālaya) is a ministry of the Government of India concerned with the economy of India, serving as the Treasury of India. In particular, it concerns itself with taxation, financial legislation, financial institutions, capital markets, currency regulation, banking service, centre and state finances, and the Union Budget.
FinanceMinistry of Finance (Indonesia)
The Ministry of Finance (Indonesian: Kementerian Keuangan) is an Indonesian government ministry responsible for the nation's finance and state assets. The finance minister is responsible to the President. The ministry's motto is Nagara Dana Rakça, which means "guardian of state finance".
FinanceMinistry of Finance (Israel)
The Israeli Ministry of Finance (Hebrew: מִשְׂרַד הָאוֹצָר, romanized: Misrad HaOtzar) is the main economic ministry of the Government of Israel. It is responsible for planning and implementing the Government's overall economic policy, as well as setting targets for fiscal policy, preparing the draft State Budget and monitoring implementation of the approved budget. The ministry also man
FinanceMinistry of Finance (Japan)
The Ministry of Finance (財務省, Zaimu-shō) is one of the cabinet-level ministries of the Japanese government. The ministry was named the Ōkura-shō (大蔵省) until 2001. The Ministry is headed by the Minister of Finance (財務大臣, Zaimu-daijin), who is a member of the Cabinet and is typically chosen from members of the Diet by the Prime Minister.
FinanceMinistry of Finance (Jordan)
The Ministry of Finance (Arabic: وزارة المالية) is a Jordan government ministry responsible for public finances of the Hashemite Kingdom of Jordan in co-operation with the Central Bank of Jordan.
FinanceMinistry of Finance (Kuwait)
Ministry of Finance is one of the governmental bodies of Kuwait and part of the cabinet. It is concerned with the executive general administration of public financial affairs in the State of Kuwait. As of August 2025 the Acting minister is Dr. Sabeeh Al-Mukhaizeem.
FinanceMinistry of Finance (Liberia)
The Ministry of Finance is a government ministry of the Republic of Liberia. As of 2024, the Liberian Finance Minister is Augustine Kpehe Ngafuan, who was confirmed in September 2024. The minister is appointed by the President of Liberia, with the consent of Senate of Liberia.
FinanceMinistry of Finance (Malaysia)
The Ministry of Finance (Malay: Kementerian Kewangan; Jawi: كمنترين كواڠن), abbreviated MOF, is a ministry of the Government of Malaysia that is charged with the responsibility for government expenditure and revenue raising. The ministry's role is to develop economic policy and prepare the Malaysian federal budget. The Ministry of Finance also oversees financial legislation and regulatio
FinanceMinistry of Finance (Mauritius)
The Ministry of Finance of Mauritius is a ministerial department found in the Cabinet of the Government of the Republic. It is considered as the most executive and important ministry in the cabinet after the Prime Minister's Office. The minister of finance is the most desirable position in the cabinet of the country except of the prime minister. Most of the time being the Deputy Prime Mi
FinanceMinistry of Finance (Moldova)
The Ministry of Finance (Romanian: Ministerul Finanțelor) is one of the fourteen ministries of the Government of Moldova. It is the central specialized body of public administration, which develops and promotes the unique policy of training and managing public finances, applying financial levers in line with the requirements of the market economy. In its activity, the Ministry of Finance
FinanceMinistry of Finance (Nepal)
The Ministry of Finance (Nepali: अर्थ मन्त्रालय) is the central authority of Government of Nepal charged with the responsibilities for maintaining both micro and macro economic stability in the country.
FinanceMinistry of Finance (Netherlands)
The Ministry of Finance (Dutch: Ministerie van Financiën; FIN) is the Dutch Ministry responsible for economic policy, monetary policy, fiscal policy, tax policy, incomes policy, financial regulation, the government budget and the financial market. The Ministry was created in 1798 as the Department of Finance of the Batavian Republic. It became the Ministry of Finance in 1876. The Ministe
FinanceMinistry of Finance (Rhodesia)
The Ministry of Finance was a cabinet ministry of the government of Rhodesia. It was responsible for overseeing the nation's public finances.
FinanceMinistry of Finance (Serbia)
The Ministry of Finance (Serbian: Министарство финансија, romanized: Ministarstvo finansija) is a ministry in the Government of Serbia which is in charge of state finances and economy. The current minister is Siniša Mali, in office since 29 May 2018.
FinanceMinistry of Finance (Sierra Leone)
Sierra Leone Ministry of Finance is a ministerial department of the Government of Sierra Leone, and is in charge of managing the revenue and finances of the Sierra Leone government. The ministry implements the economic policies and is responsible for public financial management. The ministry advises the President of Sierra Leone on economic issues. The headquarters of the Sierra Leone Mi
FinanceMinistry of Finance (Singapore)
The Ministry of Finance (MOF; Malay: Kementerian Kewangan; Chinese: 财政部; Tamil: நிதி அமைச்சு) is a ministry of the Government of Singapore responsible for managing the fiscal policies and the structure of the economy of Singapore.
FinanceMinistry of Finance (Somalia)
The Ministry of Finance (Somali: Wasaaradda Maaliyadda), abbreviated MOF, is a ministry of the Government of Somalia that is charged with the responsibility for government expenditure and revenue raising. The ministry's role is to develop economic policy and prepare the federal budget. The Ministry of Finance also oversees financial legislation and regulation. Each year in October, th
FinanceMinistry of Finance (Spain)
The Ministry of Finance or Ministry of Treasury (Spanish: Ministerio de Hacienda, MH) is the department of the Government of Spain responsible for the design and implementation of the government policy on public finance and budget. It applies and manages the regional and local financing systems and the provision of information on the economic-financial activity of the different Public Ad
FinanceMinistry of Finance (Sudan)
The Ministry of Finance and Economic Planning is the Sudanese government ministry which oversees the public finances of Sudan.
FinanceMinistry of Finance (Sweden)
The Ministry of Finance (Swedish: Finansdepartementet) is a Swedish government ministry responsible for matters relating to economic policy, the central government budget, taxes, banking, security and insurance, international economic work, central, regional and local government.
FinanceMinistry of Finance (Thailand)
The Ministry of Finance (Abrv: MOF; Thai: กระทรวงการคลัง, RTGS: Krasuang Kan Khlang) is a cabinet ministry in the Government of Thailand.
FinanceMinistry of Finance (Ukraine)
The Ministry of Finance of Ukraine (Ukrainian: Міністерство фінансів України) is the ministry of the Government of Ukraine charged with developing and implementing national financial and budget policies, and with defining national policies in customs and taxation. The ministry is responsible for ensuring that the state has enough resources to perform its functions and that financial poli
FinanceMinistry of Finance & National Economy (Bahrain)
The Ministry of Finance & National Economy (MOFNE) is responsible for formulating and implementing the financial policies of the Kingdom of Bahrain within the overall vision of the Bahrain Government. The Ministry prepares the state general budget in coordination with other ministries and public entities in a way that reflects the financial and economic objectives of the Kingdom, particu
FinanceMinistry of Finance and Economic Planning (Rwanda)
The Ministry of Finance and Economic Planning (MINECOFIN) is the ministry of the Government of Rwanda in charge of public finance and economic planning. It was created in 1997 by merging the Ministry of Finance and the Ministry of Planning.
FinanceMinistry of Finance and Economy (Dominican Republic)
The Ministry of Finance and Economy of the Dominican Republic (Spanish: Ministerio de Hacienda y Economía de la República Dominicana, MHE) also known as Treasury (Spanish: Hacienda), is the government institution in charge of preparing, executing and evaluating the country's fiscal policies, including national income, expenses and finance and securing its sustainability in relation to t
FinanceMinistry of Finance and Treasury (Bosnia and Herzegovina)
The Ministry of Finance and Treasury of Bosnia and Herzegovina (Serbo-Croatian: Ministarstvo finansija i trezora Bosne i Hercegovine / Министарство финансија и трезора Босне и Херцеговине) is the governmental department which oversees the public finances of Bosnia and Herzegovina.
FinanceMinistry of Finance of Georgia
The Ministry of Finance (Georgian: საქართველოს ფინანსთა სამინისტრო) is a governmental agency within the Cabinet of Georgia in charge of regulating the financial sector in the Republic of Georgia. Lasha Khutsishvili has served as the Minister since 1 April 2021.
FinanceMinistry of Finance of Tajikistan
The Ministry of Finance (Tajik: Вазорати молияи Ҷумҳурии Тоҷикистон) is the Tajikistani government ministry which oversees the public finances of Tajikistan.
FinanceMinistry of Finance, Economic Stabilization and National Policies
The Ministry of Finance, Planning and Economic Development (Sinhala: මුදල්, සැලසුම් සහ ආර්ථික සංවර්ධන අමාත්යාංශය; Tamil: நிதி, திட்டமிடல் மற்றும் பொருளாதார மேம்பாட்டு அமைச்சகம்) (also known as the Finance Ministry or the Treasury) is a cabinet ministry of the Government of Sri Lanka responsible for developing and executing the government's public finance policy, economic policy and lon
FinanceMinistry of Finance, Planning and Economic Development (Uganda)
The Ministry of Finance, Planning and Economic Development (MoFPED) is a cabinet-level government ministry of Uganda. Its mandate is to formulate sound economic and fiscal policies, mobilize resources for the implementation of government programmes, disburse public resources as appropriated by Parliament, and account for their use in accordance with national laws and international best p
FinanceMinistry of Public Finance
The Ministry of Public Finance (Spanish: Ministerio de Finanzas Públicas or MINFIN) is a government ministry of Guatemala in charge of fiscal policy and public finances.
FinanceNational Treasury (South Africa)
The National Treasury is one of the departments of the South African government. The Treasury manages national economic policy, prepares the South African government's annual budget and manages the government's finances.
FinanceNew Zealand Treasury
The New Zealand Treasury (Māori: Te Tai Ōhanga) is the central public service department of New Zealand charged with advising the Government on economic policy, assisting with improving the performance of New Zealand's economy, and managing financial resources. The minister responsible for the Treasury is the Minister of Finance of New Zealand; however, from 1996 to 2002, there existed a
Trading basicsNord Pool
Nord Pool AS is a pan-European power exchange. Nord Pool has its main office in Oslo and further offices in Stockholm, Helsinki, Tallinn and London. The company is owned by the European exchange operator Euronext as well as TSO Holding, which represents the continental Nordic and Baltic countries' transmission system operators (TSOs: Fingrid, Energinet, Statnett, Svenska Kraftnät, and L
FinanceNorthern Quarter, Brussels
The Northern Quarter (French: Quartier Nord [kaʁtje nɔʁ] or Espace Nord [ɛspas nɔʁ]; Dutch: Noordwijk [ˈnoːrtʋɛik] or Noordruimte [ˈnoːrtˌrœymtə]) is the central business district of Brussels, Belgium. Like La Défense in Paris, the Docklands in London or the Zuidas in Amsterdam, the Northern Quarter consists of a concentration of high-rise buildings where many Belgian and multinational
AssetsPetro (token)
The petro (₽), or petromoneda, launched in February 2018, was a crypto token issued by the government of Venezuela.
Trading basicsPublic Market Equivalent
The public market equivalent (PME) is a collection of performance measures developed to assess private equity funds and to overcome the limitations of the internal rate of return and multiple on invested capital measurements. While the calculations differ, they all attempt to measure the return from deploying a private equity fund's cash flows into a stock market index.
Trading basicsReal bills doctrine
The real bills doctrine says that as long as bankers lend to businessmen only against the security (collateral) of short-term 30-, 60-, or 90-day commercial paper representing claims to real goods in the process of production, the loans will be just sufficient to finance the production of goods. The doctrine seeks to have real output determine its own means of purchase without affecting
Trading basicsRemgro
Remgro Limited is a South African investment holding company, based in Stellenbosch.
FinanceRisk-seeking
In economics, finance, and psychology, risk-seeking (also called risk-loving or risk preference) refers to a behavioral tendency to prefer uncertain options with potentially higher rewards over safer alternatives with lower expected value. Risk-seeking individuals derive greater satisfaction or perceived utility from taking chances, even when the probable outcome may be less favorable. W
Trading basicsSingapore dollar
The Singapore dollar (sign: $; code: SGD) is the official currency of the Republic of Singapore. Each dollar is divided into 100 cents (Malay: sen, Chinese: 分; pinyin: fēn, Tamil: காசு, romanized: kācu). It is normally abbreviated with the dollar sign $, or S$ to distinguish it from other dollar-denominated currencies. The Monetary Authority of Singapore (MAS) issues the banknotes and co
Payments & settlementSingle Euro Payments Area
The Single Euro Payments Area (SEPA) is a payment-integration system of the European Union that makes cross-border bank transfers in euros as fast, cheap, and simple as domestic payments. It allows individuals and businesses to make cashless euro transfers to any account within the zone using a single bank account and an International Bank Account Number, under the same basic conditions
FinanceSkattrannsóknarstjóri ríkisins
Skattrannsóknarstjóri ríkisins, also known as the Directorate of Tax Investigations (DTI) is responsible for investigating legal cases where suspicions of tax fraud, tax evasion, or other violations of tax law are found within Iceland. The DTI is accountable to the Minister of Finance.
Trading basicsStockholm congestion tax
The Stockholm congestion tax (Swedish: Trängselskatt i Stockholm), also referred to as the Stockholm congestion charge, is a congestion pricing system implemented as a tax levied on most vehicles entering and exiting central Stockholm, Sweden. The congestion tax was implemented on a permanent basis on 1 August 2007, after a seven-month trial period between 3 January 2006 and 31 July 200
Trading basicsTeras Teknologi
Teras Teknologi Sdn Bhd (TERAS), a subsidiary of PLUS Malaysia Berhad (PMB), is a Malaysian global corporation based in Petaling Jaya.
FinanceTracfin
Tracfin (acronym for Traitement du renseignement et action contre les circuits financiers clandestins, "Intelligence Processing and Action Against Clandestine Financial Circuits") is a service of the French Ministry of Finance. It fights money laundering.
FinanceTrade finance
Trade finance is a phrase used to describe different strategies that are employed to make international trade easier. It signifies financing for trade, and it concerns both domestic and international trade transactions. A trade transaction requires a seller of goods and services as well as a buyer. Various intermediaries such as banks and financial institutions can facilitate these trans
FinanceTreasury (Australia)
The Department of the Treasury, also known as the Treasury, is the national treasury and financial department of the federal government of Australia. The treasury is responsible for executing economic and fiscal policy, market regulation and the delivery of the federal budget with the department overseeing 16 agencies. The Treasury is one of only two departments that have existed contin
FinanceTuttle Twins
Tuttle Twins is an American educational animated series distributed by Angel Studios and produced by Tuttle Twins Show LLC, based on the book series of the same name by Connor Boyack. First released on June 30, 2021, the series follows twin siblings Ethan and Emily Tuttle, who travel through space and time with their grandmother Gabby to meet historical figures and learn lessons about to
Trading basicsUnited Arab Emirates dirham
The Emirati dirham (symbol: ; currency code: AED; ;) Arabic: درهم إماراتي, abbreviation: د.إ in Arabic, Dh; is the official currency of the United Arab Emirates. Each dirham is subdivided into 100 fulus (singular is "fils"). It is pegged to the United States dollar at a constant exchange rate of approximately 3.67 AED to 1 USD. In March 2025, the UAE Central Bank announced the creation o