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Federal funds rate
The federal funds rate is the interest rate at which depository institutions (banks and credit unions) lend reserve balances to other depository institutions overnight on an uncollateralized basis. Reserve balances are amounts held at the Federal Reserve. Institutions with surplus balances in their accounts lend those balances to institutions in need of larger balances. The federal funds
FinanceFinance Commission
The Finance Commissions (IAST: Vitta Jayga) are commissions periodically constituted by the President of India under Article 280 of the Indian Constitution to define the financial relations between the central government of India and the individual state governments. The First Commission was established in 1951 under The Finance Commission (Miscellaneous Provisions) Act, 1951. Fifteen Fi
Securities & exchangesFinancial Industry Regulatory Authority
The Financial Industry Regulatory Authority (FINRA) is a private American corporation that acts as a self-regulatory organization (SRO) that regulates member brokerage firms and exchange markets. FINRA is the successor to the National Association of Securities Dealers, Inc. (NASD) as well as to the member regulation, enforcement, and arbitration operations of the New York Stock Exchange.
FinanceFinancial management
Financial management is the business function concerned with profitability, expenses, cash, and credit. These are often grouped together under the rubric of maximizing the value of the firm for stockholders. The discipline is then tasked with the "efficient acquisition and deployment" of both short- and long-term financial resources, to ensure the objectives of the enterprise are achieve
FinanceFinancial Stability Board
The Financial Stability Board (FSB) is an international body that monitors and makes recommendations about the global financial system. It was established in the 2009 G20 Pittsburgh Summit as a successor to the Financial Stability Forum (FSF). The Board includes all G20 major economies, FSF members, and the European Commission. Hosted and funded by the Bank for International Settlements,
Trading basicsFinancial Stability Oversight Council
The Financial Stability Oversight Council (FSOC) is a United States federal government organization, established by Title I of the Dodd–Frank Wall Street Reform and Consumer Protection Act, which was signed into law by President Barack Obama on July 21, 2010. The Office of Financial Research is intended to provide support to the council.
FinanceFinancialization
Financialization (or financialisation in British English) is a term sometimes used to describe the development of financial capitalism during the period from 1980 to the present, in which debt-to-equity ratios increased and financial services accounted for an increasing share of national income relative to other sectors.
Trading basicsFinancière Agache
Financière Agache SA is an investment holding company based in Paris that is the controlling shareholder of Dior and LVMH. It is controlled by Agache SCA, a company owned by Bernard Arnault and his family.
FinanceFloor trader
A floor trader is a member of a stock or commodities exchange who trades on the floor of that exchange for their own account. The floor trader must abide by trading rules similar to those of the exchange specialists who trade on behalf of others. The term should not be confused with floor broker.
Trading basicsFormula E Holdings
Formula E Holdings Limited, (FEH) are the owners, promoters, and acting holding company of the ABB FIA Formula E Championship. Founded in 2012 by Alejandro Agag, with funding from entrepreneur Enrique Bañuelos, in order to fulfil an FIA tender to create an all-electric international racing series, FEH have overseen all five editions of the Formula E Championship from their registered ba
Trading basicsFroneri
Froneri International Limited is a British ice cream manufacturer with its headquarters in Leeming Bar, North Yorkshire, England. It is the second-largest producer of ice cream in the world by retail sales, after The Magnum Ice Cream Company, with the two companies together accounting for approximately 32% of total global retail sales.
FinanceFundraising
Fundraising or fund-raising is the process of seeking and gathering voluntary financial contributions by engaging individuals, businesses, charitable foundations, or governmental agencies. Although fundraising typically refers to efforts to gather money for nonprofit organizations, it is sometimes used to refer to the identification and solicitation of investors or other sources of capit
Securities & exchangesGalen L. Stone
Galen Luther Stone (November 21, 1862 – December 26, 1926) was an American financier and philanthropist.
Trading basicsGarcia Report
The Garcia Report was an investigation produced by U.S. lawyer Michael J. Garcia into allegations of corruption in world football. On 17 July 2012, in the wake of announced anti-corruption reforms by Sepp Blatter, the president of the world association football governing body FIFA, the organization appointed Garcia as the chairman of the investigative chamber of FIFA Ethics Committee, wh
Securities & exchangesGary Cohn
Gary David Cohn (born August 27, 1960) is an American businessman and philanthropist who served as the 11th director of the National Economic Council and chief economic advisor to President Donald Trump from 2017 to 2018. He managed the administration's economic policy agenda. Before serving in the White House, Cohn was president and COO of Goldman Sachs, where he worked for more than 25
Trading basicsGeneral Instrument
General Instrument (GI) was an American electronics manufacturer based in Horsham, Pennsylvania, specializing in semiconductors and cable television equipment. They formed in New York City in 1923 as an electronics manufacturer. During the 1950s, the company began a series of acquisitions under the direction of Moses Shapiro. Among the more notable purchases was General Transistor in 196
BankingGhost (1990 film)
Ghost is a 1990 American supernatural romance film directed by Jerry Zucker, written by Bruce Joel Rubin, and starring Patrick Swayze, Demi Moore, Whoopi Goldberg, and Tony Goldwyn. The film's plot follows Sam Wheat (Swayze), a banker who is murdered and returns as a ghost, unable to interact with the living world. With the help of psychic con artist Oda Mae Brown (Goldberg), Sam attempt
FinanceGIFT International Financial Services Centre
The GIFT International Financial Services Centre (GIFT IFSC) is a financial centre and special economic zone in GIFT City, India. It was established in 2015 as a financial hub to provide world-class infrastructure and services for financial institutions and companies operating in areas such as banking, insurance, capital markets, and asset management. GIFT IFSC is regulated by the Intern
Trading basicsGladstone (cat)
Gladstone (born c. December 2014) is a cat who was the resident chief mouser to HM Treasury in Whitehall, London. He is a black domestic short-haired cat, who, at eighteen months old, assumed the position of chief mouser in late June 2016, a position which he served until December 2019. Gladstone's political namesake is former Chancellor and Prime Minister William Ewart Gladstone, who se
Trading basicsGlobal Infrastructure Partners
Global Infrastructure Partners, LLC (GIP) is an American infrastructure investment fund making equity and selected debt investments across markets worldwide. GIP's main headquarters are located in New York City, U.S. and its equity investments are based on infrastructure assets in the energy, transport and water & waste sectors. GIP employs approximately 150 investment and operational pr
FinanceGlobal saving glut
A global saving glut (also GSG, cash hoarding, dead cash, dead money, glut of excess intended saving, or shortfall of investment intentions) is a situation in which desired saving exceeds desired investment. By 2005 Ben Bernanke, chairman of the Federal Reserve, the central bank of the United States, expressed concern about the "significant increase in the global supply of saving" and
Trading basicsGoHealth
GoHealth, Inc. is an American marketplace for Medicare plans including Medicare Advantage, MediGap and Medicare Part D, which are programs administered through private health insurance companies. It also operates an online health insurance marketplace offering individual health insurance and short-term health insurance.
FinanceGoodLeap
GoodLeap, formerly Loanpal, is a U.S.-based financing company headquartered in Roseville, CA that provides financing options for residential solar energy and other sustainable home improvements. It has facilitated over $30 billion in loans to more than 1 million homeowners across 50 states as of 2025.
Payments & settlementGovPay
GovPay is a digital payment platform launched by the Government of Sri Lanka to streamline and modernise payment processes for government services. Officially introduced on 7 February 2025, under the patronage of President Anura Kumara Dissanayake, GovPay represents a significant step toward the digitalization of public services in Sri Lanka. This is a joint initiative of the Ministry of
FinanceGreenspan put
The Greenspan put was a monetary policy that Alan Greenspan, during his tenure as chair of the Federal Reserve, exercised in response to financial crises. It was used for the first time with the crash of 1987. Though it was successful in addressing various crises, it became controversial as it led to periods of extreme speculation led by Wall Street investment banks overusing the put's r
Trading basicsGreg Brenneman
Gregory D. Brenneman (born November 26, 1961) is an American businessman. He serves as the chairman of CCMP Capital, an American private equity firm.
Securities & exchangesGregg Hymowitz
Gregg S. Hymowitz (born November 16, 1965) is an American billionaire who is the chairman, chief executive officer and founder of EnTrust Global, a diversified alternative investment firm. Hymowitz is an activist investor, known for his bold investment strategy. According to Forbes, he has an estimated personal net worth of $2 billion as of April 2025.
FinanceGroup of Thirty
The Group of Thirty, often abbreviated to G30, is an international body of financiers and academics which aims to deepen understanding of economic and financial issues and to examine consequences of decisions made in the public and private sectors. Areas within the interest of the group include: the foreign exchange market, international capital markets, international financial instituti
FinanceGuaranty Bank & Trust
Guaranty Bank & Trust is a Texas-based commercial bank that offers personal and business banking services.
Trading basicsHaircut (finance)
In finance, a haircut is the difference between the current market value of an asset and the value ascribed to that asset for purposes of calculating regulatory capital or loan collateral. The amount of the haircut reflects the perceived risk of the asset falling in value in an immediate cash sale or liquidation. The larger the risk or volatility of the asset price, the larger the haircu
Fiat currenciesHans Hoogervorst
Johannes Franciscus "Hans" Hoogervorst (born 19 April 1956) is a retired Dutch politician of the People's Party for Freedom and Democracy (VVD) and economist. He is the former chairman of the International Accounting Standards Board (IASB) from 1 July 2011 through 30 June 2021.
FinanceHistory of the Federal Reserve System
The United States Federal Reserve System is the central banking system of the United States. It was created on December 23, 1913.
FinanceHoldout problem
In finance, a holdout problem occurs when a bond issuer is in default or nears default, and launches an exchange offer in an attempt to restructure debt held by existing bond holders. Such exchange offers typically require the consent of holders of some minimum portion of the total outstanding debt, often in excess of 90%, because, unless the terms of the bond provide otherwise, non-con
FinanceHouse Committee on Finance
The House Committee on Finance is a standing committee of the House of Representatives in Nigeria. The committee is responsible for overseeing financial matters in the country, including revenue generation, budget planning, and fiscal policies.
BankingHSBC Bank Bermuda
HSBC Bank Bermuda Limited, previously the Bank of Bermuda Limited, is a financial services company in Bermuda providing retail and corporate banking, investment, custody and fund administration services to international and local clients. In 2004 the HSBC Group acquired the Bank of Bermuda, which has since become a focus for certain fund management and private banking activities. The ban
AssetsHTX (cryptocurrency exchange)
HTX, formerly known as Huobi, is a Seychelles-based cryptocurrency exchange. Founded in China, (Chinese: 火币网; pinyin: Huǒbìwǎng), HTX now has offices in Hong Kong, South Korea, Japan and the United States. In August 2018, it became a publicly listed Hong Kong company. According to Bloomberg, it is owned by cryptocurrency billionaire Justin Sun.
Trading basicsI.O.U.S.A.
I.O.U.S.A. is a 2008 American documentary film directed by Patrick Creadon. The film focuses on the shape and impact of the United States national debt. The film features Robert Bixby, director of the Concord Coalition, and David Walker, the former U.S. Comptroller General, as they travel around the United States on a tour to let communities know of the potential dangers of the national
Trading basicsIdea Cellular
Idea Cellular Limited was an Indian telecommunications based in Mumbai, Maharashtra. It was an integrated GSM operator and had 220.00 million subscribers as of June 2018.
Trading basicsIG Group
IG Group Holdings plc, trading as IG Group, is a United Kingdom-based online trading and investment provider, offering access to spread betting, US futures and options, stock and crypto trading, which allows traders to bet on the direction of equities, bonds and currencies without owning the underlying assets.
FinanceIncome Tax Department
The Income Tax Department is a government agency undertaking direct tax collection of the government of the Republic of India. It functions under the Department of Revenue of the Ministry of Finance. The Income Tax Department is headed by the apex body Central Board of Direct Taxes (CBDT). The main responsibility of the Income Tax Department is to enforce various direct tax laws, most im
FinanceIndian Revenue Service (Customs and Indirect Taxes)
The Indian Revenue Service (Customs and Indirect Taxes) is a part of central civil service of the government of India. It is a part of the Indian Revenue Service and functions under the Central Board of Indirect Taxes and Customs, Department of Revenue of the Ministry of Finance. It is under the administrative direction of the Revenue Secretary and the ministerial command of the Minister
Trading basicsInter-dealer broker
An Inter-dealer broker (IDB) is specialist financial intermediary that facilitates transactions between broker-dealers, dealer banks and other financial institutions rather than private individuals.
Trading basicsIntercontinental Exchange
Intercontinental Exchange, Inc. (ICE) is an American multinational financial services company that operates global financial exchanges, including stock exchanges and futures exchanges, as well as clearing houses, and provides technology and services for mortgage loan origination, closing, and servicing.
FinanceInventory turnover
In accounting, the inventory turnover is a measure of the number of times inventory is sold or used in a time period such as a year. It is calculated to see if a business has an excessive inventory in comparison to its sales level. The equation for inventory turnover equals the cost of goods sold divided by the average inventory. Inventory turnover is also known as inventory turns, merc
FinanceInvestigation Division of the Central Board of Direct Taxes
The Investigation Division of the CBDT, abbreviated as Inv-CBDT, is the revenue enforcement agency of the Central Board of Direct Taxes, Government of India. It functions under the Department of Revenue in the Union Ministry of Finance and is concerned with the collection and administration of, as well as enforcement and prosecution of cases related to, the various direct taxes accruing
Trading basicsIra Rennert
Ira Leon Rennert (born May 31, 1934) is an American billionaire businessman, and the chairman and CEO of Renco Group. As of November 2024, Forbes estimated his net worth at US$3.8 billion.
Trading basicsIrrational exuberance
"Irrational exuberance" is a phrase used by the then-Federal Reserve Board chairman, Alan Greenspan, in a December 1996 speech given at the American Enterprise Institute during the dot-com bubble of the 1990s. The phrase was interpreted as a warning that the stock market might be overvalued.
Trading basicsItautec
Itautec is a Brazilian electronics company founded in 1979. Currently, its a division of the Itaúsa group, a Brazilian business group.
Trading basicsJ.Crew
J.Crew Group, Inc., is an American multi-brand, multi-channel, specialty retailer. The company offers an assortment of women's, men's, and children's apparel and accessories, including swimwear, outerwear, lounge-wear, bags, sweaters, denim, dresses, suiting, jewelry, and shoes.
Securities & exchangesJames O'Shaughnessy (investor)
James Patrick O'Shaughnessy (born May 24, 1960) is an American investor and venture capitalist, who is the CEO of O'Shaughnessy Ventures. He is the founder of O'Shaughnessy Asset Management, LLC, an asset management firm that Franklin Templeton later acquired.
Securities & exchangesJay Clayton
Walter Joseph "Jay" Clayton III (born July 11, 1966) is an American attorney who has served as the 9th director of national intelligence since August 2026. Clayton has additionally served as the White House AI czar since October 2026. He served as the United States attorney for the Southern District of New York from 2025 to 2026 and as the chairman of the Securities and Exchange Commissi
FinanceJensen's alpha
In finance, Jensen's alpha (or Jensen's Performance Index, ex-post alpha) is used to determine the abnormal return of a security or portfolio of securities over the theoretical expected return. It is a version of the standard alpha based on a theoretical performance instead of a market index.
Securities & exchangesJim Rogers
James Beeland Rogers Jr. (born October 19, 1942) is an American investor and financial commentator based in Singapore. He is the chairman of Beeland Interests, Inc. He was the co-founder of the Quantum Fund and Soros Fund Management. He was also the creator of the Rogers International Commodities Index (RICI).
Securities & exchangesJohn D'Agostino (financial services)
John Joseph D'Agostino is an American business executive and entrepreneur. D'Agostino is a senior advisor to Coinbase and Chairman of US Asset Management Committee for the Department for International Trade. He previously was managing director at the world's largest fund governance firm DMS Offshore, where he was also on the board of hedge funds providing independent oversight. He was pr
Trading basicsJohn Gore Organization
The John Gore Organization (JGO), formerly known as Key Brand Entertainment (KBE), is a producer and distributor of live theater in North America as well as an e-commerce company focused on theater. KBE was founded in the UK in 2004 by 14-time Tony Award-winning producer John Gore who is the company's chairman, CEO and owner.
Securities & exchangesJohn Overdeck
John Albert Overdeck (born 1969) is an American billionaire hedge fund manager. Overdeck is the co-founder and co-chairman of Two Sigma Investments, a New York City-based hedge fund that uses a variety of technological methods, including artificial intelligence, machine learning, and distributed computing for its trading strategies. In 2016, Overdeck reported $375 million in earnings an
Securities & exchangesJonathan Soros
Jonathan Tivadar Soros (born September 10, 1970) is an American businessman who is co-founder and partner of One Madison Group, a private investment firm. He previously was chief executive officer of JS Capital Management LLC and co-deputy chairman of Soros Fund Management.
Securities & exchangesKen Griffin
Kenneth Cordele Griffin (born 1968) is an American hedge fund manager, entrepreneur and investor. He is the founder, chief executive officer, co-chief investment officer, and 80% owner of Citadel LLC, a multinational hedge fund. He also owns Citadel Securities, one of the largest market makers in the United States.
Securities & exchangesKenneth Fisher
Kenneth Lawrence Fisher (born November 29, 1950) is an American billionaire investment analyst, author, and the founder and executive chairman of Fisher Investments, a fee-only financial adviser. Fisher's Forbes "Portfolio Strategy" column ran from 1984 to 2017, making him the longest continuously running columnist in the magazine's history. Fisher is now known for writing monthly, nativ
FinanceKhazanah Nasional
Khazanah Nasional Berhad (lit. 'National Treasure Limited'; traded as Khazanah Nasional or simply Khazanah) is the sovereign wealth fund of the Government of Malaysia. One of the largest sovereign wealth funds in the world, it was established to invest surplus revenues for Malaysia. Through its investments and activities, the fund seeks to deliver sustainable economic and societal benefi
FinanceKing Abdullah Financial District
King Abdullah Financial District (KAFD) or simply Al-Maliyyah is a major mixed-use financial district located in the Al-Aqeeq neighbourhood of Riyadh, Saudi Arabia. It serves as the country's financial centre and a central hub for banking, investment, and professional services.
Trading basicsKirkbi
Kirkbi A/S is a Danish investment management company headquartered in Billund, Denmark, that serves as a family office to manage the fortune of the Kristiansen family, the current owners of the Lego Group. It owns 75% of The Lego Group, 47.5% of Merlin Entertainments, and 100% of BrainPop.
Payments & settlementKlarna
Klarna Group plc is a Swedish financial technology company and digital bank. Founded in 2005 in Stockholm, Sweden, Klarna provides digital payments, short-term consumer credit, cards, banking services and merchant tools for online and in-store commerce. It is listed on the New York Stock Exchange and is best known for buy now, pay later payment products.
Trading basicsKlöckner & Co
Klöckner & Co SE (also known as Klöckner, KlöCo, or KCO) is a producer-independent processor of steel and metal products. With a network of 110 warehousing and processing locations, Klöckner & Co supplies over 60,000 customers, mainly in Europe and North America.
Trading basicsKroll Inc.
Kroll (formerly Duff & Phelps) is an American multinational financial and risk advisory firm that has its headquarters in New York City. It was established in 1932 as Duff & Phelps. In 2018, Duff & Phelps acquired the original Kroll company, which had been founded in 1972. In 2021, Duff & Phelps decided to rebrand itself as Kroll, a process it completed in 2022.
FinanceLand Bank of the Philippines
Land Bank of the Philippines (LBP), often referred to simply as LandBank, is a government-owned bank in the Philippines with a special focus on serving the needs of farmers and fishermen. While it provides the services of a universal bank, it is officially classified as a "specialized government bank" with a universal banking license.
Payments & settlementLankaQR
LankaQR, stylised in all caps as LANKAQR, is a national QR code payment system in Sri Lanka, initiated by the Central Bank of Sri Lanka (CBSL) in collaboration with LankaClear (Pvt) Ltd and licensed financial institutions. The standard was introduced on 12 October 2018 and formally launched on 11 March 2019, aiming to promote a cashless society, enhance financial inclusion, and reduce re
Trading basicsLeon Black
Leon David Black (born July 31, 1951) is an American private equity investor. He is the former CEO of Apollo Global Management, which he co-founded in 1990 with Marc Rowan and Josh Harris. Black was the chairman of the Museum of Modern Art from 2018 to 2021. Black resigned from both Apollo Global Management and the Museum of Modern Art in the wake of revelations about his business ties t
Trading basicsLeveraged buyout
A leveraged buyout (LBO) is one company's acquisition of another company using a significant amount of borrowed money (leverage) to meet the cost of acquisition. The assets of the company being acquired are often used as collateral for the loans, along with the assets of the acquiring company. The use of debt, which normally has a lower cost of capital than equity, serves to reduce the o
Securities & exchangesLewis Ranieri
Lewis S. Ranieri (; born 1947) is a former bond trader, and founding partner and current chairman of Ranieri Partners, a real estate firm.
FinanceList of business and finance abbreviations
This is a list of abbreviations used in a business or financial context.
Securities & exchangesListing (finance)
In corporate finance, a listing refers to the company's shares being on the list (or board) of stock that are publicly listed. Some stock exchanges allow shares of a foreign company to be listed and may allow dual listing, subject to conditions.
Securities & exchangesLuxembourg Stock Exchange
The Luxembourg Stock Exchange (LuxSE; French: Bourse de Luxembourg) is based in Luxembourg City at 35A boulevard Joseph II.
Trading basicsLynn Tilton
Lynn G. Tilton (born April 22, 1959) is an American businesswoman and collateralized loan obligation (CLO) creator, owner and manager. She is the chief executive officer and sole principal of Patriarch Partners, LLC and its affiliated entities, a holding company managing 75 companies. She worked for Goldman Sachs and Merrill Lynch as an investment banker.
Trading basicsMacy's, Inc.
Macy's, Inc. (previously Federated Department Stores, Inc.) is an American holding company of department stores. Upon its establishment in 1929, Federated held ownership of the regional department store chains Abraham & Straus, Lazarus, Filene's, and Shillito's. Bloomingdale's joined Federated Department Stores the next year. Throughout its early history, frequent acquisitions and divest
FinanceMadoff investment scandal
The Madoff investment scandal, sometimes known as Madoffgate, was a financial scandal discovered in late 2008. In December of that year, Bernie Madoff, the former Nasdaq chairman and founder of the Wall Street firm Bernard L. Madoff Investment Securities LLC, admitted that the wealth management arm of his business was an elaborate multi-billion-dollar Ponzi scheme. Madoff founded Bernard
BankingMalaysian Electronic Payment System
The Malaysian Electronic Payment System (MEPS) is an interbank network service provider in Malaysia. In August 2017, MEPS merged with Malaysian Electronic Clearing Corporation Sdn Bhd (MyClear) to form Payments Network Malaysia Sdn Bhd (PayNet).
Securities & exchangesMansoor Ijaz
Mansoor Ijaz (born August 1961) is an American venture financier and hedge-fund manager. He is founder and chairman of Crescent Investment Management Ltd, a New York and London-based investment firm that operates CARAT, a proprietary trading system developed by Ijaz in the late 1980s. His venture investments included unsuccessful efforts in 2013 to acquire a stake in Lotus F1, a Formula
Securities & exchangesMarex (company)
Marex Group plc is a financial services company. The company's clients are predominantly commodity producers and consumers, banks, hedge funds, asset managers, broking houses, commodity trading advisors and professional traders. Marex currently has over 2,300 employees and over 40 offices across Europe, USA and APAC.
Securities & exchangesMario Gabelli
Mario Joseph Gabelli (born June 19, 1942) is an American stock investor, investment advisor, and financial analyst. He is the founder, chairman, and CEO of Gabelli Asset Management Company Investors (Gamco Investors), an investment firm headquartered in Rye, New York.
FinanceMarket depth
In finance, market depth is a real-time list displaying the quantity to be sold versus unit price. The list is organized by price level and is reflective of real-time market activity. Mathematically, it is the size of an order needed to move the market price by a given amount. If the market is deep, a large order is needed to change the price.
Trading basicsMarketing management
Marketing management is the strategic organizational discipline that focuses on the practical application of marketing orientation, techniques and methods inside enterprises and organizations and on the management of marketing resources and activities.
Trading basicsMean reversion (finance)
Mean reversion is a financial term for the assumption that an asset's price will tend to converge to the average price over time.
Fiat currenciesMervyn King, Baron King of Lothbury
Mervyn Allister King, Baron King of Lothbury, (born 30 March 1948) is a British economist and public servant who was governor of the Bank of England from 2003 to 2013. Emeritus Professor of the London School of Economics and chairman of the Philharmonia since 2020, Lord King served as president of Marylebone Cricket Club for 2024/25.
Trading basicsMichael Ashcroft
Michael Anthony Ashcroft, Baron Ashcroft, (born 4 March 1946) is a British-Belizean businessman, pollster and politician. He is a former deputy chairman of the Conservative Party. Ashcroft founded Michael A. Ashcroft Associates in 1972 and was the 132nd richest person in the UK, as ranked by the Sunday Times Rich List 2021, with an estimated fortune of £1.257 billion.
FinanceMinistry of Finance (India)
The Ministry of Finance (IAST: Vitta Mantrālaya) is a ministry of the Government of India concerned with the economy of India, serving as the Treasury of India. In particular, it concerns itself with taxation, financial legislation, financial institutions, capital markets, currency regulation, banking service, centre and state finances, and the Union Budget.
FinanceMinistry of Finance (Kuwait)
Ministry of Finance is one of the governmental bodies of Kuwait and part of the cabinet. It is concerned with the executive general administration of public financial affairs in the State of Kuwait. As of August 2025 the Acting minister is Dr. Sabeeh Al-Mukhaizeem.
FinanceMinistry of Finance (Nepal)
The Ministry of Finance (Nepali: अर्थ मन्त्रालय) is the central authority of Government of Nepal charged with the responsibilities for maintaining both micro and macro economic stability in the country.
FinanceMinistry of Finance (Sudan)
The Ministry of Finance and Economic Planning is the Sudanese government ministry which oversees the public finances of Sudan.
FinanceMinistry of Finance (Vietnam)
The Ministry of Finance (MOF, Vietnamese: Bộ Tài chính) is the government ministry responsible for the finances of Vietnam, including managing the national budget, tax revenue, state assets, national financial reserves and the finances of state corporations. The Ministry manages the work of national accounting, state borrowing, the activities of stock markets, and the Department of Custo
FinanceMinistry of Finance and Treasury (Bosnia and Herzegovina)
The Ministry of Finance and Treasury of Bosnia and Herzegovina (Serbo-Croatian: Ministarstvo finansija i trezora Bosne i Hercegovine / Министарство финансија и трезора Босне и Херцеговине) is the governmental department which oversees the public finances of Bosnia and Herzegovina.
Trading basicsMinistry of Planning Development & Special Initiatives
The Ministry of Planning Development & Special Initiatives (Urdu: وزارت منصوبہ بندی ترقی و خصوصی امور , abbreviated as MoPD) is headed by the Minister for Planning Development & Special Initiatives, who must be a member of Parliament of Pakistan. The minister is also deputy chairman of Planning Commission of Pakistan. The administrative head of the Ministry is the Planning and Developme
Trading basicsMomentum crash
A momentum crash is a sudden and significant decline in the performance of a momentum-based investment strategy, which involves buying assets that have shown an upward price trend and selling those with a downward trend. While this strategy can be profitable, it is also prone to sudden reversals that can result in large losses. These reversals can occur without warning, leading to a shar
Trading basicsMonetary hawk and dove
A monetary hawk, or hawk for short, is someone who advocates keeping inflation low as the top priority in monetary policy. In contrast, a monetary dove is someone who emphasizes other issues, especially low unemployment, over low inflation. The term monetary pigeon has been used to describe moderate or centrist viewpoints.
Payments & settlementMoneycorp
Moneycorp is a British payment company that provides foreign exchange and global payment services to individual and corporate customers. The company was founded in London in 1979. Its clients include individuals, corporations, and other financial institution. It has a branches in the United Kingdom, North America, Europe, Asia and a number of other countries.
Payments & settlementMonzo
Monzo Bank Limited, trading as Monzo (), is a British online bank based in London, England. Monzo launched as part of a number of app-based challenger banks entering the UK market.
Securities & exchangesMultilateral trading facility
A multilateral trading facility (MTF) is a European Union regulatory term for a self-regulated financial trading venue. These are alternatives to the traditional stock exchanges where a market is made in securities, typically using electronic systems. The concept was introduced within the Markets in Financial Instruments Directive (MiFID), a European Directive designed to harmonise re
Trading basicsMutares
Mutares SE & Co. KGaA (styled MUTARES) is an international private equity investor focused on special situations, particularly acquiring parts of large corporations (carve-outs) and companies in transitional phases.
FinanceMyanmar Investment Commission
The Myanmar Investment Commission (Burmese: မြန်မာနိုင်ငံ ရင်းနှီးမြှုပ်နှံမှု ကော်မရှင်, abbreviated MIC) is a government-appointed body formerly under the Ministry of Investment and Foreign Economic Relations that appraises domestic investment proposals in Myanmar (Burma). The Myanmar Investment Commission is now under the Ministry of National Planning, Investment and Foreign Economic
BankingNarasimham Committee
Narsimham Committee refers to two committees established by the Government of India in its first decade of economic liberalisation under the chairmanship of M. Narasimham. The first Committee, officially known as the Committee on Financial System (CFS), was established in August 1991. The report of the CSF was submitted to the Finance Minister in November 1991, and tabled in the Parliame