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Digital assets and currencies

Understand assets, networks and trading mechanics with sources you can check.

Banking

Central bank digital currency

A central bank digital currency (CBDC) is a digital version of an official currency, created by a central bank rather than by private companies. Unlike cryptocurrencies such as Bitcoin, CBDCs are issued by a state and may work alongside physical cash. As of 2024, the Bahamas, Jamaica, and Nigeria have launched CBDCs, and 134 countries are researching their own versions while other jurisd

Payments & settlement

Centurion Card

The American Express Centurion Card, colloquially known as the Black Card, is an exclusive invitation-only charge card issued by American Express. It is reserved for the company's wealthiest clients who meet certain net worth, credit quality, and spending requirements on its gateway card, the Platinum Card. The firm does not disclose the exact requirements to receive an invitation to car

Trading basics

Century 21 Organisation

The Century 21 Organisation was a group of companies founded by Gerry Anderson in the early 1960s to expand on his television production company, AP Films (APF; later Century 21 Productions). In addition to APF, the group included:

Banking

Certificate of deposit

A certificate of deposit (CD) is a time deposit sold by banks, thrift institutions, and credit unions in the United States. CDs typically differ from savings accounts because the CD has a specific, fixed term before money can be withdrawn without penalty. CDs also generally have higher interest rates than savings accounts. CDs require a minimum deposit and may offer higher rates for larg

Trading basics

Chalice (Canada)

Chalice is a Catholic international aid charity focused on child, family, and community development headquartered in Bedford, Nova Scotia.

Banking

Challenges in Islamic finance

Challenges in Islamic finance are the difficulties in providing modern finance services without violation of sharia (Islamic law).

Banking

Charles Soludo

Prof. Charles Chukwuma Soludo ( ; born 28 July 1960) is a Nigerian politician, banker, and economist who has served as the governor of Anambra State since March 2022. He is a former governor and chairman of the board of directors of the Central Bank of Nigeria, from 2004 to 2009.

Trading basics

Chicago Board of Trade

The Chicago Board of Trade (CBOT) is an American futures and options exchange that was founded in 1848. It operated as an independent exchange for more than 150 years, before merging with its long-time rival the Chicago Mercantile Exchange (CME) to form CME Group in 2007. It is now a designated contract market of the CME Group.

Fiat currencies

Chicago Plan

The Chicago Plan was introduced by University of Chicago economists in 1933 as a comprehensive plan to reform the monetary and banking system of the United States. The Great Depression had been caused in part by excessive private bank lending, so the plan proposed to eliminate the private bank money creation method of fractional reserve lending. Centralized money creation would prevent b

Trading basics

Chris Cleverly

Christopher John Cleverly (born 27 July 1967) is a British lawyer, entrepreneur, philanthropist and businessman. A barrister and past Channel 4 TV presenter, he has been involved with ventures in Africa, including the Made in Africa Foundation, AIM-listed African Potash, and Agri-Fintech Holdings, the main shareholder in Nasdaq-listed Tingo Group, a company implicated in US fraud allegat

Securities & exchanges

Chris Gardner

Christopher Paul Gardner, Sr. (born February 9, 1954) is an American businessman and motivational speaker. He became a stockbroker in the mid-1970s and eventually founded his own brokerage firm, Gardner Rich & Co, in 1987. In 2006, Gardner sold his minority stake in the firm and published a memoir. The book was later made into the motion picture The Pursuit of Happyness.

Securities & exchanges

Chris Hohn

Sir Christopher Anthony Hohn KCMG (born October 1966) is a British billionaire hedge fund manager. As of 2026, he is worth $14.1 billion.

Finance

Christian finance

Christian finance is a kind of ethical finance following Christian ethics. The notion of "Christian finance" or "Catholic finance" refers to banking and financial activities that are not widely used. Whether the activities of the Knights Templar (12th century), Mounts of Piety (appeared in 1462) or the Apostolic Chamber attached directly to the Vatican, a number of operations of a bankin

Trading basics

Christian Purslow

Christian Purslow (born 14 December 1963) is a British businessman who was most recently the chief executive officer of the Premier League club Aston Villa Football Club. He was the co-founder of private equity firm MidOcean Partners and was the former managing director of Liverpool Football Club and the former managing director and head of global commercial activities at Chelsea Footbal

Banking

Christmas club

A Christmas club is a special-purpose savings account, first offered by various banks and credit unions in the United States beginning in the early 20th century, including the Great Depression. Bank customers would deposit a set amount of money each week into a savings account, and receive the money back at the end of the year for Christmas shopping.

Trading basics

Christopher M. Jeffries

Christopher Michael Jeffries is an American real estate developer, lawyer, and philanthropist who co-founded the national real estate firm Millennium Partners, known for the development of the Millennium Towers in New York, Boston, and San Francisco as well as the redevelopment of Hotel St. Moritz.

Trading basics

Christopher Skase

Christopher Charles Skase (18 September 1948 – 5 August 2001) was an Australian businessman who later became one of his country's most wanted fugitives, after his business empire crashed spectacularly and he fled to Mallorca, Spain.

Securities & exchanges

Christopher Tsai

Christopher Tsai (born December 20, 1974) is a Chinese-American investor and noted art collector. He is the founder of Tsai Capital Corporation, a New York-based investment management firm.

Finance

Church tax

A church tax is a tax collected by the state from members of some Christian denominations to provide financial support of churches, such as the salaries of its clergy and to pay the operating cost of the church. It is related to the concept of tithes and offerings. Not all Christian countries have such a tax. In some countries that do, people who are not members of a religious community

Fiat currencies

Cincinnati Time Store

The Cincinnati Time Store (1827–1830) was the first in a series of retail stores created by American individualist anarchist Josiah Warren to test his economic labor theory of value. The experimental store operated from May 18, 1827, until May 1830. He sold things at-cost plus a small markup for his time. It is usually considered to be the first time alternative currency labor notes were

Trading basics

Citizen's dividend

Citizen's dividend (CD) is a proposed policy based upon the Georgist principle that the natural world is the common property of all people. It is proposed that all citizens receive regular payments (dividends) from revenue raised by leasing or taxing the monopoly of valuable land and other natural resources.

Trading basics

Clearfield Trust Co. v. United States

Clearfield Trust Co. v. United States, 318 U.S. 363 (1943), was a case in which the Supreme Court of the United States held that federal negotiable instruments were governed by federal law, and thus the federal court had the authority to fashion a common law rule.[1]

Banking

Clement Isong

Clement Nyong Isong ((); 20 April 1920 – 29 May 2000) was a Nigerian banker and politician who was governor of the Central Bank of Nigeria from 1967 to 1975 during the military regime of General Yakubu Gowon. He was later elected governor of Cross River State (1979–1983) in the Nigerian Second Republic.

Trading basics

Clermont Group

The Clermont Group is a Singapore-based conglomerate that includes both operational businesses and financial investments. Founded by Richard Chandler in 2006, the company has an investment division, Clermont Capital, and a portfolio in healthcare, aerospace, financial services, and technology. Primary subsidiaries include Hoan My Medical Corporation of Vietnam, SBFC of India, and magniX

Banking

Clifford family (bankers)

The Clifford family was a family of bankers, merchants, and regents of English descent who were active in Amsterdam during the sixteenth through eighteenth centuries. In the first half of the 18th century, the Clifford bank was second only to Pels, the greatest merchant bank in Europe at that time. The family originated in northern England, although the surname originated in the village

Banking

Closer to the Moon

Closer to the Moon (Romanian: Mai aproape de lună) is a 2013 comedy-drama film written and directed by Nae Caranfil, and starring Vera Farmiga, Mark Strong, Harry Lloyd, Joe Armstrong, Tim Plester, Christian McKay and Anton Lesser. Based on the true story of the Ioanid Gang, it is one of the most expensive productions in Romanian cinema.

Trading basics

Cloudera

Cloudera, Inc. is an American data lake software company.

Fiat currencies

CLS Group

CLS Group (for Continuous Linked Settlement), or simply CLS, is a specialized financial market infrastructure group whose main entity is the New York–based CLS Bank. It started operations in 2002 and operates a unique and global central multicurrency cash settlement system, known as the CLS System, which plays a critical role in the foreign exchange market (also known as forex or FX). Al

Trading basics

Co-creation

Co-creation, in the context of a business, refers to a collaborative product or service design process in which consumers directly participate in ideation, development, and value creation. Unlike passive customer feedback mechanisms such as surveys or post-launch reviews, active co-creation involves continuous, direct customer collaboration throughout the design and development lifecycle

Trading basics

Co-operative economics

Cooperative (or co-operative) economics is a field of economics that incorporates cooperative studies and political economy toward the study and management of cooperatives.

Trading basics

Cola wars

The Cola wars are the long-time rivalry between soft drink producers The Coca-Cola Company and PepsiCo, who have engaged in mutually targeted marketing campaigns for the direct competition between each company's product lines, especially their flagship colas, Coca-Cola and Pepsi. Beginning in the late 1970s and into the 1980s, the competition escalated until it became known as the cola w

Finance

Collection for the Holy Places

The Collection for the Holy Places (Latin: Collecta pro Locis Sanctis), also known as the Good Friday Collection, is an annual collection, taken up at the request of the pope, in Catholic churches around the world for the support of Christians in the Holy Land. Dating back to the seventeenth century and reaffirmed by Pope Paul VI in 1974, it is traditionally taken on Good Friday.

Trading basics

Collective ownership

Collective ownership is the ownership of property by all members of a group. The breadth or narrowness of the group can range from a whole society to a set of coworkers in a particular enterprise, such as one collective farm. Collective ownership takes many forms including but not limited to: cooperative ownership by the members of an organization, state ownership, social ownership, comm

Banking

Commercial bank

A commercial bank is a financial institution that accepts deposits from the public and provides loans to its clients in order to facilitate their commercial affairs, including transactional and trading activities involving monetary and non-monetary exchanges, while generating profit. In common usage, the term bank generally denotes a commercial bank that is authorized to accept deposits

Banking

Community development bank

A community development bank (CDB) or Community Development Financial Institution (CDFI) is a development bank or credit union that focus on serving people who have been locked out of the traditional financial systems such as the unbanked or underbanked in deprived local communities. They emphasize the long term development of communities and provide loans such as micro-finance or ventu

Payments & settlement

Company store

A company store is a retail store selling a limited range of food, clothing and daily necessities to employees of a company. It is typical of a company town in a remote area where virtually everyone is employed by one firm, such as a coal mine. In a company town, the housing is owned by the company but there may be independent stores there or nearby.

Finance

Conduit and sink OFCs

Conduit OFC and sink OFC is an empirical quantitative method of classifying corporate tax havens, offshore financial centres (OFCs) and tax havens.

Banking

Contractum trinius

The contractus trinus, contractus triplex, or simply triple contract, is a set of contracts used by European bankers and merchants in the Middle Ages, notably by the Fugger family, as a method of circumventing the canon law prohibition of usury.

Finance

Controller-General of Finances

The Controller-General or Comptroller-General of Finances (French: Contrôleur général des finances) was the name of the minister in charge of finances in the Kingdom of France from 1661 to 1791. It replaced the former position of Superintendent of Finances, which was abolished with the downfall of Nicolas Fouquet. It did not hold any real political power until 1665, when First Minister J

Finance

Corvinus International Investment Ltd.

Corvinus International Investment Ltd. is a Hungarian state-owned asset management company. It is responsible for the execution of transactions related to company holdings in line with the strategic objectives of economic development and for the preservation and growth of the assets owned by the company.

Banking

Cosimo de' Medici

Cosimo di Giovanni de' Medici (27 September 1389 – 1 August 1464) was an Italian banker and politician who became the de facto ruler of Florence during the Italian Renaissance, and was the first to establish the Medici family as its effective leaders for generations.

Fiat currencies

Costa Rican colón

The colón (plural: colones; sign: ₡; code: CRC) is the currency of Costa Rica. It was named after Christopher Columbus, known as Cristóbal Colón in Spanish. A colón is divided into one hundred céntimos.

Finance

Court auction

Court auction is an auction which takes place at a public location designated by the court.

Banking

Court Jew

Court Jew (also court factor, court agent, or chamber agent) was a term used in early modern period Europe, particularly in Germany for Jewish moneylenders who lent to or managed money for the upper classes in return for social privileges.

Finance

Credit score

A credit score is a numerical expression based on a level analysis of a person's credit files, to represent the creditworthiness of an individual. A credit score is primarily based on a credit report, information typically sourced from credit bureaus.

Trading basics

Croeseid

The Croeseid, anciently Kroiseioi stateres, was a type of coin, either in gold or silver, which was minted in Sardis by the king of Lydia Croesus (561–546 BC) from around 550 BC. Croesus is credited with issuing the first true gold coins with a standardised purity for general circulation, and the world's first bimetallic monetary system.

Trading basics

Cronyism

Cronyism is awarding positions, jobs, contracts, loans, privileges, or advantages to friends or colleagues. It is used especially in politics, when referring to partiality between politicians and businesses. A person who supports or partakes in cronyism is referred to as a crony, cronie, or cronyist.

Trading basics

Cross-Border Interbank Payment System

The Cross-border Interbank Payment System (CIPS; Chinese: 跨境银行间支付清算有限责任公司) is a Chinese payment system that offers clearing and settlement services for its participants in cross-border renminbi (RMB) payments and trade. CIPS is backed by the People's Bank of China and was launched in 2015 as part of a policy effort to internationalize the use of China's currency.

Finance

Crown Agents

Crown Agents Ltd is a not-for-profit international development company with head office in London, United Kingdom, and subsidiaries in the United States and Japan. Incorporated as a private limited company Crown Agents Ltd has only one shareholder – the Crown Agents Foundation, a not-for-profit company. Crown Agents Ltd's registered office is in Southwark, London. Crown Agents was placed

Assets

Cryptopia

Cryptopia was an international cryptocurrency exchange based in Christchurch, New Zealand. Founded in 2014 by Rob Dawson and Adam Clark, it was among the earliest cryptocurrency services started in the country, and was responsible for launching the first stablecoin pegged to the New Zealand dollar. Cryptopia experienced substantial growth in 2017 from 30,000 users to over 1.4 million by

Trading basics

Cultural capital

In sociology, cultural capital refers to the social assets of an individual—such as education, knowledge, style of speech, aesthetic preferences, and credentials—that can promote social mobility within a stratified society. Cultural capital functions as a relational resource within systems of exchange and social recognition, encompassing both material and symbolic goods that are consider

Fiat currencies

Currency war

Currency war, also known as competitive devaluations, is a condition in international affairs where countries seek to gain a trade advantage over other countries by causing the exchange rate of their currency to fall in relation to other currencies. As the exchange rate of a country's currency falls, exports to other countries become more competitive, and imports into the country become

Banking

Custodian bank

A custodian bank, or simply custodian, is a specialized financial institution responsible for providing securities services. It provides post-trade services and solutions for asset owners, asset managers, banks and broker-dealers. Custodial banks do not engage in traditional commercial or retail banking services like lending.

Trading basics

Customer experience

Customer experience (CX) refers to the cognitive, emotional, sensory, and behavioral responses of a customer during all stages of interaction with a product or service, including pre-purchase, consumption, and post-purchase.

Finance

Cyprus Confidential

Cyprus Confidential is a journalism project investigating financial services in Cyprus and their role in allowing avoidance of international sanctions, and implementation of Russian state goals. It is conducted by the International Consortium of Investigative Journalists, Paper Trail Media and 69 media partners including Distributed Denial of Secrets and the Organized Crime and Corruptio

Trading basics

Daphne Caruana Galizia

Daphne Anne Caruana Galizia (née Vella; 26 August 1964 – 16 October 2017) was a Maltese writer, journalist, blogger and anti-corruption activist who reported on political events in Malta. She was known internationally for her investigation of the Panama Papers and her subsequent assassination by a car bomb.

Trading basics

David Bonderman

David Bonderman (November 27, 1942 – December 11, 2024) was an American billionaire businessman. He was the founding partner of TPG Inc. (formerly Texas Pacific Group), and its Asian affiliate, Newbridge Capital. He was also one of the minority owners of the NBA's Boston Celtics as well as the co-founder and co-majority owner (along with Jerry Bruckheimer) of the Seattle Kraken of the Na

Trading basics

DBFX

dbFX was Deutsche Bank’s online margin foreign exchange trading platform and service for individual and institutional investors including financial institutions, hedge funds, corporations, asset managers, money managers, commodity trading advisors, broker-dealers, brokerage firms, high net worth individuals, and sophisticated and professional traders, which operated from 2006-2011.

Finance

Debt clock

A debt clock is a public counter, which displays the government debt (also known as public debt or national debt) of a public corporation, usually of a state, and which visualizes the progression through an update every second. Because of the mirror-image correlation between liabilities and accounts receivable meanwhile there are assets clocks or property clocks also, which visualize the

Finance

Debt of Honor

Debt of Honor is a techno-thriller novel, written by Tom Clancy and released on August 17, 1994. A direct sequel to The Sum of All Fears (1991), Jack Ryan becomes the National Security Advisor when a secret cabal of Japanese industrialists seize control of their country's government and wage war on the United States. The book debuted at number one on The New York Times bestseller list. T

Assets

Decentraland

Decentraland is a 3D virtual world platform. Users may buy virtual plots of land in the platform as NFTs via the MANA cryptocurrency, which uses the Ethereum blockchain. Designers can create and sell clothes and accessories for the avatars to be used in the virtual world.

Trading basics

Deep state

Deep state is a term used for unauthorized secret networks of power operating within a government but independent of its political leadership, in pursuit of their own agendas and goals. In popular usage, the term carries overwhelmingly negative connotations and is often associated with conspiracy theories.

Trading basics

Demand chain

In business, a demand chain is the understanding and management of customer demand, in contrast to a supply chain. P. M. Madhani (2019) suggests that the demand chain "comprises all the demand processes necessary to understand, create, and stimulate customer demand". Cranfield School of Management academic Martin Christopher has suggested that "ideally the supply chain should become a de

Banking

Demand deposit

Demand deposits or checkbook money are funds held in demand accounts in commercial banks. These account balances are usually considered money and form the greater part of the narrowly defined money supply of a country. Simply put, these are deposits in the bank that can be withdrawn on demand, without any prior notice.

Fiat currencies

Demurrage currency

Demurrage currency, also known as depreciating money or stamp scrip in its paper money form, is a type of money that is designed to gradually lose purchasing power at a constant rate. Demurrage money is often confused with inflation, as they both cause money to lose value, but they have significantly different economic effects. Unlike normal money, demurrage is designed to be only a temp

Trading basics

Demutualization

Demutualization is the process by which a customer-owned mutual organization (mutual) or co-operative changes legal form to a joint stock company. It is sometimes called stocking or privatization. As part of the demutualization process, members of a mutual usually receive a "windfall" payout, in the form of shares in the successor company, a cash payment, or a mixture of both. Mutualizat

Banking

Den of Thieves (film)

Den of Thieves (released in some countries as Criminal Squad) is a 2018 American action crime film written and directed by Christian Gudegast. It stars Gerard Butler, Pablo Schreiber, Curtis Jackson, O'Shea Jackson Jr., Evan Jones, Dawn Olivieri, Mo McRae, and Max Holloway. In the film, a Los Angeles County Sheriff’s Department deputy gang look to stop a crew of thieves consisting of ex-

Finance

Deposit account

A deposit account is a bank account maintained by a financial institution in which a customer can deposit and withdraw money. Deposit accounts can be savings accounts, current accounts or any of several other types of accounts explained below.

Banking

Des Clarke (Neighbours)

Des Clarke is a fictional character from the Australian soap opera Neighbours, played by Paul Keane. Des was created by Reg Watson as one of Neighbours' twelve original characters. He made his first on screen appearance on 18 March 1985, the show's first episode. Des departed during the episode broadcast on 11 October 1990. Keane later reprised the role as part of Neighbours' 30th annive

Finance

Devils (TV series)

Devils (Italian: Diavoli) is a financial thriller drama television series created by Alessandro Sermoneta, Mario Ruggeri, Elena Bucaccio, Guido Maria Brera, Daniele Cesarano, Barbara Petronio, and Ezio Abbate for Lux Vide and Sky Italy. It is based on the 2014 novel of the same title by Brera. Devils is a Lux Vide and Sky Italy production in association with Orange Studio and OCS.

Banking

Dhoom 3

Dhoom 3 (transl. Blast 3), stylised as Dhoom: 3, is a 2013 Indian Hindi-language action thriller film written and directed by Vijay Krishna Acharya and produced by Aditya Chopra, who co-wrote the story. The film, which is the third installment of Dhoom series, stars Aamir Khan as the anti-hero with Abhishek Bachchan and Uday Chopra reprising their roles as protagonists while Jackie Shrof

Trading basics

Diaconia

A diaconia was originally an establishment built near a church building, for the care of the poor and distribution of the church's charity in medieval Rome or Naples. In contemporary theology, the word diakonia presents a variety of connotations and representations.

Trading basics

Diffusion of innovations

Diffusion of innovations is a theory that seeks to explain how, why, and at what rate new ideas and technology spread. The theory was popularized by Everett Rogers in his book Diffusion of Innovations, first published in 1962. Rogers argues that diffusion is the process by which an innovation is communicated through certain channels over time among the participants in a social system. Th

Banking

Digital euro

The digital euro is a project of the Eurosystem, launched in July 2021, to explore the possible introduction of a central bank digital currency (CBDC). The aim is to develop a fast and secure electronic payment instrument that would complement the euro for individuals and businesses in its existing form as cash and in bank accounts, and would be issued by the Eurosystem. The ECB has stat

Banking

Direct bank

A direct bank (sometimes called a branch-less bank or virtual bank) is a bank that offers its services only via the Internet, mobile app, email, and other electronic means, often including telephone, online chat, and mobile check deposit. A direct bank has no branch network. It may offer access to an independent banking agent network and may also provide access via ATMs (often through in

Payments & settlement

Direct debit

A direct debit or direct withdrawal is a mandated financial transaction whereby a payer authorizes a payee to draw varying recurring amounts directly from the payer's bank account, commonly used for billing utilities, loans, and subscriptions. Formally, the organisation that calls for the funds ("the payee") instructs their bank to collect (i.e., debit) an amount directly from another's

Banking

Discount window

The discount window is an instrument of monetary policy (usually controlled by central banks) that allows eligible institutions to borrow money from the central bank, usually on a short-term basis, to meet temporary shortages of liquidity caused by internal or external disruptions.

Trading basics

Disruptive innovation

In business theory, disruptive innovation is innovation that creates a new market and value network or enters at the bottom of an existing market and eventually displaces established market-leading firms, products, and alliances. In theory, disruptive innovation makes it hard for leading firms to stay at the top of their industry. The term, "disruptive innovation" was popularized by the

Banking

Dollars (film)

$, also known as Dollar$, Dollars or $ (Dollars), and in the UK as The Heist, is a 1971 American heist comedy film starring Warren Beatty and Goldie Hawn, written and directed by Richard Brooks and produced by M.J. Frankovich. The supporting cast includes Gert Fröbe, Robert Webber and Scott Brady. The film is about bank security consultant Joe Collins (Beatty) who develops a scheme with

Fiat currencies

Drapier's Letters

Drapier's Letters is the collective name for a series of seven political pamphlets written between 1724 and 1725 by the Dean of St Patrick's Cathedral in Dublin, Jonathan Swift, to arouse public opinion in Ireland against the imposition of a privately minted copper coinage that Swift believed to be of inferior quality. William Wood was granted letters patent to mint the coin, and Swift s

Trading basics

Ducat

The ducat ( DUK-ət) coin was used as a trade coin in Europe from the later Middle Ages to the 19th century. Its most familiar version, the gold ducat or sequin containing around 3.5 grams (0.11 troy ounces) of 98.6% fine gold, originated in Venice in 1284 and gained wide international acceptance over the centuries. Similarly named silver ducatons also existed. The gold ducat circulated a

Finance

Durbin amendment

The Durbin amendment, implemented by Regulation II, is a provision of United States federal law, 15 U.S.C. § 1693o-2, that requires the Federal Reserve to limit fees charged to retailers for debit card processing. It was passed as part of the Dodd–Frank financial reform legislation in 2010, as a last-minute addition by Dick Durbin, a senator from Illinois, after whom the amendment is nam

Trading basics

Dutch disease

In economics, Dutch disease is the apparent causal relationship between the increase in the economic development of a specific sector (for example, natural resources) and a decline in other sectors (like the manufacturing sector or agriculture). The term was coined in 1977 by The Economist to describe the decline of the manufacturing sector in the Netherlands after the discovery of the l

Trading basics

Dutch Golden Age

The Dutch Golden Age (Dutch: Gouden Eeuw [ˈɣʌudən ˈeːu, ˈɣʌudə ˈʔeːu]) was a period in the history of the Netherlands which roughly lasted from 1588, when the Dutch Republic was established, to 1672, when the Rampjaar occurred.

Banking

Ebenezer Scrooge

Ebenezer Scrooge () is a fictional character and the protagonist of Charles Dickens's 1843 novella A Christmas Carol. Initially a cold-hearted miser who despises Christmas, his redemption by visits from the ghost of Jacob Marley and the Ghosts of Christmas Past, Present, and Yet to Come has become a defining tale of the Christmas holiday in the English-speaking world.

Banking

Ecobank Uganda

Ecobank Uganda is a bank in Uganda that operates as a commercial bank under a license granted by the Bank of Uganda, the central bank and national banking regulator.

Finance

Economic security

Economic security or financial security is the condition of having stable income or other resources to support a standard of living now and in the foreseeable future. It includes:

Trading basics

Economic Stabilization Act of 1970

The Economic Stabilization Act of 1970 (Title II of Pub. L. 91–379, 84 Stat. 799, enacted August 15, 1970, formerly codified at 12 U.S.C. § 1904) was a United States law that authorized the President to stabilize prices, rents, wages, salaries, interest rates, dividends and similar transfers as part of a general program of price controls within the American domestic goods and labor marke

Trading basics

Edeka

The Edeka Group (German pronunciation: [ˈeːdeːka]) is the largest German supermarket corporation as of 2017, holding a market share of 25.3%. Founded in 1907, it currently consists of several co-operatives of independent supermarkets, all operating under the umbrella organisation Edeka Zentrale AG & Co KG, with headquarters in Hamburg. There are approximately 4,100 stores with the Edeka

Trading basics

Eden Gemeinnützige Obstbau-Siedlung

Eden Gemeinnützige Obstbau-Siedlung is a fruit-growing cooperative in Oranienburg north of Berlin. The cooperative was founded in 1893 exclusively for vegetarians but since 1901 has accepted membership for anyone who "adopts a healthy lifestyle".

Finance

Education financing in Guyana

Guyana's record GDP growth positions it as one of the fastest-growing economies, due to the discovery of significant offshore-oil reserves. Such increases in government revenue have enabled opportunities for public investment. This has allowed for increased expenditure in education. The previous limitations of colonial legacies, and socio-economic inequality, inadequate infrastructure, a

Securities & exchanges

Edward H. Ntalami

Edward Haggai Ntalami (19 March 1947 – 20 November 2014) was a Kenyan business executive and the former CEO of the Capital Markets Authority of Kenya (CMA).

Payments & settlement

Electronic billing

Electronic billing or electronic bill payment and presentment, is when a seller such as company, organization, or group sends its bills or invoices over the internet, and customers pay the bills electronically. This replaces the traditional method where invoices are sent in paper form and payments are done by manual means such as sending cheques.

Trading basics

Electronic funds transfer

Electronic funds transfer (EFT) is the transfer of money from one bank account to another, either within a single financial institution or across multiple institutions, via computer-based systems.

Banking

Elvira Nabiullina

Elvira Sakhipzadovna Nabiullina (born 29 October 1963) is a Russian economist and current governor of the Central Bank of Russia. She was President Vladimir Putin's economic adviser from May 2012 to June 2013 after serving as the minister of economic development from September 2007 to May 2012. As of 2019, she was listed as the 53rd most powerful woman in the world by Forbes. She has the

Securities & exchanges

Emmanuel Lemelson

Emmanuel Lemelson (born Gregory Manoli Lemelson) is an American-born Greek Orthodox priest, social commentator and hedge fund manager.

Finance

Employee of the Month (talk show)

Employee of the Month is a talk show hosted by Catie Lazarus that features guests with jobs of interest, ranging from television personalities and musicians to comedians and puppeteers. It began as a live show in 2010 and became a podcast in 2012. Lazarus has hosted live tapings at Upright Citizens Brigade Theater in New York City, 92 Y in Los Angeles and The Bell House in Brooklyn. It h

Trading basics

Epson MX-80

The MX-80 is a serial dot matrix printer introduced by Seiko Epson in 1980. The MX-80 is capable of printing a maximum of 132 columns per line, while its 9-pin printhead was the first disposable, user-serviceable printhead on the market.

Trading basics

Éric Cantona bank run call (2010)

The Éric Cantona bank run call of 7 December 2010 was initiated by Yann Sarfati and Arnaud Varnier, quickly joined by Géraldine Feuillien, following their viewing of an interview on the Presse-Océan website with former French football player Éric Cantona, who spoke on 6 October 2010 about “How to make a Revolution”. Relayed in France and in several other countries by groups of internet u

Banking

European Banking Federation

The European Banking Federation (EBF) is a trade association representing national banking associations in countries of the European Union, the European Free Trade Association, and the United Kingdom. It represents over 5,000 institutions It was established in 1960 as the Fédération bancaire européenne.