Industry WIKI
Digital assets and currencies
Understand assets, networks and trading mechanics with sources you can check.
Guggenheim Partners
Guggenheim Partners, Inc is an American global investment and advisory financial services firm headquartered in New York City that engages in investment banking, asset management, capital markets services, and insurance services. Guggenheim has approximately 2,000 employees. The firm has additional offices in Chicago, London, Los Angeles, and San Francisco. It facilitates deals in many f
Trading basicsGuitar Center
Guitar Center, Inc. is an American musical instrument retailer chain headquartered in Westlake Village, California. It operates 304 locations and is the largest company of its kind in the United States.
Fiat currenciesGulf Cooperation Council
The Cooperation Council for the Arab States of the Gulf (Arabic: مَجلِس التَّعَاوُن لِدُوَلِ الْخَلِيْجِ الْعَرَبِيَّة), also known as the Gulf Cooperation Council (GCC; Arabic: مجلس التعاون الخليجي), is a regional, intergovernmental, political, economic union, and military alliance comprising Bahrain, Kuwait, Oman, Qatar, Saudi Arabia, and the United Arab Emirates. The council's main he
Trading basicsGulfstream Aerospace
Gulfstream Aerospace Corporation is an American aircraft company and a subsidiary of General Dynamics.
Trading basicsGun show loophole
In U.S. politics, the gun show loophole (or the private sale exemption) is the absence of a federal requirement for background checks for private sales of firearms. Federal law requires that all commercial sales of firearms conduct a background check of the buyer. There are also local and state laws regulating background check requirements for the purchase of firearms. The rules regardin
Fiat currenciesGunnar Myrdal
Karl Gunnar Myrdal ( MUR-dahl, MEER-; Swedish: [ˈɡɵ̌nːar ˈmy̌ːɖɑːl]; 6 December 1898 – 17 May 1987) was a Swedish economist and sociologist. In 1974, he received the Nobel Memorial Prize in Economic Sciences along with Friedrich Hayek for "their pioneering work in the theory of money and economic fluctuations and for their penetrating analysis of the interdependence of economic, social a
Fiat currenciesGustav Cassel
Karl Gustav Cassel (20 October 1866 – 14 January 1945) was a Swedish economist and professor of economics at Stockholm University. Cassel was among the most prominent economists in the world in the interwar period. He made contributions to the study of value, monetary policy, and business cycles.
BankingGuy de Rothschild
Baron Guy Édouard Alphonse Paul de Rothschild (pronounced [baʁɔ̃ ɡi edwaːʁt‿alfɔ̃s pɔl də ʁɔt.ʃild]; 21 May 1909 – 12 June 2007) was a French banker and member of the Rothschild banking family of France. Between 1967 and 1979, he was the chairman of the French Banque Rothschild, nationalized by the French government in 1982, and maintained investments in other French and foreign companie
Trading basicsGuy Wyser-Pratte
Guy Patrick Wyser-Pratte (born June 21, 1940 in Vichy, France) is a Franco-American financial investor, risk arbitrageur and shareholder activist. He joined the Marine Corps before eventually moving into finance. He is the head of New York-based Wyser-Pratte & Co., an investment fund with some $500 million in assets under management founded in 1991, focused on "undervalued European equi
Trading basicsH. Irving Grousbeck
Harold Irving "Irv" Grousbeck (born July 20, 1934) is an American entrepreneur, professor at Stanford Business School, and co-owner of the National Basketball Association basketball franchise the Boston Celtics.
Trading basicsHabbo
Habbo (formerly called Habbo Hotel) is a virtual world and massively multiplayer online role-playing game (MMORPG). It is owned and operated by Sulake. Founded in 2000, Habbo has expanded to nine online communities (or "hotels"), with users from more than 150 countries. As of October 2020, 316 million avatars have been registered in the game.
Trading basicsHaircut (finance)
In finance, a haircut is the difference between the current market value of an asset and the value ascribed to that asset for purposes of calculating regulatory capital or loan collateral. The amount of the haircut reflects the perceived risk of the asset falling in value in an immediate cash sale or liquidation. The larger the risk or volatility of the asset price, the larger the haircu
FinanceHalifax Initiative
The Halifax Initiative is a coalition of Canadian non-governmental organizations for public interest work and education on international financial institutions. Canadian non-governmental organizations formed the Halifax Initiative in December 1994 to ensure that demands for fundamental reform of the international financial institutions (namely the World Bank and the International Monetar
Trading basicsHana Bank
Hana Bank (Korean: 하나은행), known from its initial establishment in 1971 to 1991 as Korea Investment Finance Corporation (Korean: 한국투자금융), is one of South Korea's largest banks. It merged with Seoul Bank (est. 1959) in 2002, then with Korea Exchange Bank (est. 1967) in 2015, and was branded KEB Hana Bank from 2015 to 2019. It is a subsidiary of Hana Financial Group.
Trading basicsHang Seng Credit Card Ltd v Tsang Nga Lee
Hang Seng Credit Card Ltd v Tsang Nga Lee [2000] 3 HKLRD 33 is a landmark decision of the Court of First Instance of Hong Kong in which Yam J held that a clause in a credit card agreement obliging a defaulting cardholder to pay, on a full indemnity basis, all costs and expenses incurred by the card issuer in enforcing the agreement was unconscionable under the Unconscionable Contracts Or
Fiat currenciesHans Hoogervorst
Johannes Franciscus "Hans" Hoogervorst (born 19 April 1956) is a retired Dutch politician of the People's Party for Freedom and Democracy (VVD) and economist. He is the former chairman of the International Accounting Standards Board (IASB) from 1 July 2011 through 30 June 2021.
Fiat currenciesHard currency
In macroeconomics, hard currency, sound money, safe-haven currency, or strong currency is any globally traded currency that serves as a reliable and stable store of value. Factors contributing to a currency's hard status might include its historical use as a money (such as gold or silver), or if it is a fiat currency, the stability and reliability of the respective state's legal and bure
Trading basicsHard Rock Hotel and Casino (Las Vegas)
The Hard Rock Hotel & Casino was a resort located near the Las Vegas Strip in Paradise, Nevada, United States. Virgin Hotels Las Vegas opened at the site following renovations, in 2021. The resort is located on 16.7 acres (6.8 ha) on the corner of Harmon Avenue and Paradise Road, about a mile east of the Las Vegas Strip. At the time of its closure, the Hard Rock included 1,506 rooms acro
BankingHardware security module
A hardware security module (HSM) is a physical computing device that safeguards and manages secrets (most importantly digital keys), and performs encryption and decryption functions for digital signatures, strong authentication and other cryptographic functions. These modules traditionally come in the form of a plug-in card or an external device that attaches directly to a computer or ne
BankingHare Lift
Hare Lift is a 1952 Warner Bros. Looney Tunes short directed by Friz Freleng. The short was released on December 20, 1952, and stars Bugs Bunny and Yosemite Sam. The title is a play on the term "air lift," as expressed in the plotline. Some scenes where Yosemite Sam has trouble staying inside the plane as well as the banana peel gag sending him outside the door, sticking to it in fear, w
Trading basicsHarman International
Harman International Industries, Inc., commonly known as Harman, is an American audio electronics company. Since 2017, the company has been operating as an independent subsidiary of Samsung Electronics.
Trading basicsHarold Simmons
Harold Clark Simmons (May 13, 1931 – December 29, 2013) was an American businessman, investor, and philanthropist whose banking expertise helped him develop the acquisition concept known as the leveraged buyout (LBO) to acquire various corporations. He was the owner of Contran Corporation and of Valhi, Inc., (a NYSE traded company about 90% controlled by Contran). As of 2006, he controll
BankingHarri Holkeri
Harri Hermanni Holkeri (6 January 1937 – 7 August 2011) was a Finnish statesman representing the National Coalition Party of Finland (Kokoomus / Samlingspartiet). He was the Prime Minister of Finland 1987–1991, president of the UN General Assembly 2000–2001 and headed the United Nations Interim Administration Mission in Kosovo from 2003 to 2004 (leaving the position in the summer of the
BankingHarry and Walter Go to New York
Harry and Walter Go to New York is a 1976 American period comedy film written by John Byrum and Robert Kaufman, directed by Mark Rydell, and starring James Caan, Elliott Gould, Michael Caine, Diane Keaton, Charles Durning and Lesley Ann Warren. In the film, two dimwitted con-men try to pull off the biggest heist ever seen in late nineteenth-century New York City. They are opposed by the
Securities & exchangesHarshad Mehta
Harshad Shantilal Mehta (29 July 1954 – 31 December 2001) was an Indian stockbroker and convicted fraudster. Mehta's involvement in the 1992 Indian securities scam (amouting to ₹30,000 crore (equivalent to ₹2.5 trillion or US$26 billion in 2026) led him to gain infamy for market manipulation.
BankingHaute Banque
Haute Banque refers to the network of private bankers which dominated international finance during much of the 19th century, exemplified by the Rothschild family and including numerous other European banking families. Its influence declined in the late 19th and early 20th centuries as it became marginalized by the rise of universal banks and central banks.
Trading basicsHawaiian Telcom
Hawaiian Telcom, Inc., is the incumbent local exchange carrier (ILEC) or dominant local telephone company, serving the state of Hawaii. In 2005, Hawaiian Telcom Holdco, Inc., was formed by The Carlyle Group, following its purchase of the Hawaiian Telcom Inc. assets of Verizon Communications. On July 2, 2018, Cincinnati Bell purchased Hawaiian Telcom Holdco, Inc. for $650 Million,
BankingHawks family
The Hawks family was one of the most influential industrialist dynasties of the British Industrial Revolution. The Hawks owned several iron-manufacture and engineering companies in Northern England and in the City of London (including Hawks and Co.; Hawks, Crawshay, and Stanley; and Hawks, Crawshay and Sons) all of which had the name Hawks in the company name, They exported worldwide usi
BankingHDFC Bank AT1 bond misselling case
The HDFC Bank AT1 bond misselling case (also referred to as the HDFC AT1 bond scandal) refers to allegations that staff at HDFC Bank's branches in the Dubai International Financial Centre and Bahrain missold high-risk US$100–120 million Additional Tier-1 (AT1) bonds issued by Credit Suisse to non-resident Indian clients. These bond instruments lost nearly all value when Swiss Financial M
Trading basicsHeadline inflation
Headline inflation is a statistical measure of aggregate price movement within an economy, usually expressed as percentage change in the Consumer Price Index (or other price indices) over a specific time period. It is typically measured using a comprehensive array of goods and services, including commercial products such as food and energy (e.g., oil and gas), which tend to be much more
Trading basicsHealth Net
Health Net, LLC a subsidiary of Centene, is an American health care insurance provider. Health Net and its subsidiaries provide health plans for individuals, families, businesses and people with Medicare and Medicaid, as well as commercial, small business, and affordable care insurance.
Trading basicsHealthCap
HealthCap is a specialized provider of venture capital within life sciences. HealthCap invests in innovative companies with focus on therapeutics. As of 2023, HealthCap has invested in over 125 companies since inception and completed initial public offerings of more than 45 companies. HealthCap has offices in Stockholm and Lausanne.
BankingHeat (1995 film)
Heat is a 1995 American epic crime drama film written and directed by Michael Mann and starring Al Pacino, Robert De Niro, Tom Sizemore, Diane Venora, Amy Brenneman, Ashley Judd, Mykelti Williamson, Wes Studi, Ted Levine, Jon Voight, and Val Kilmer. In the film, LAPD detective Vincent Hanna (Pacino) attempts to apprehend career thief Neil McCauley (De Niro), leading to strain on their p
BankingHeaven's Burning
Heaven's Burning is a 1997 Australian crime film starring Russell Crowe and directed by Craig Lahiff. The film was released in Australia on 6 November 1997. It follows the adventures of an Australian getaway driver (Crowe) and a Japanese runaway bride (Youki Kudoh) on a road trip as they are pursued by both criminals and the police. This was Russell Crowe's last Australian film until 201
AssetsHedera (distributed ledger)
Hedera Hashgraph, commonly known as Hedera, is a distributed ledger which uses a variant of proof of stake to reach consensus. The native cryptocurrency of the Hedera Hashgraph system is HBAR.
Securities & exchangesHedge (finance)
A hedge is an investment position intended to offset potential losses or gains that may be incurred by a companion investment. A hedge can be constructed from many types of financial instruments, including stocks, exchange-traded funds, insurance, forward contracts, swaps, options, gambles, many types of over-the-counter and derivative products, and futures contracts.
Securities & exchangesHedge accounting
Hedge accounting is an accountancy practice, the aim of which is to provide an offset to the mark-to-market movement of the derivative in the profit and loss account.
Securities & exchangesHedge relationship
The accounting term Hedge relationship relates to the treatment of an insurance contract for risk mitigation on an underlying asset, and the set of tests for the valuation of this insurer/insuree contract.
Fiat currenciesHeiner Flassbeck
Heiner Flassbeck (born 12 December 1950) is a German economist and public intellectual. From 1998 to 1999 he was a State Secretary in the German Federal Ministry of Finance (German: Bundesministerium der Finanzen) where he also advised former finance minister Oskar Lafontaine on a reform of the European Monetary System. He became the Chief of Macroeconomics and Development of the United
BankingHelicopter money
Helicopter money is a proposed monetary policy for inflation targeting, sometimes suggested as an alternative to quantitative easing (QE) when the economy is in a liquidity trap (when interest rates near zero and the economy remains in recession). Although the original idea of helicopter money describes central banks making payments directly to individuals, economists have used the term
AssetsHelium Network
The Helium Network is a wireless system composed of two distinct networks: one for Internet of things (IoT) devices using LoRaWAN and another for mobile phone coverage using Wi-Fi hotspots.
BankingHell or High Water (film)
Hell or High Water is a 2016 American neo-Western crime drama film directed by David Mackenzie and written by Taylor Sheridan. It follows two brothers (Chris Pine and Ben Foster) who carry out a series of bank robberies to save their family ranch, while being pursued by two Texas Rangers (Jeff Bridges and Gil Birmingham). It was the final film produced by OddLot Entertainment before its
BankingHenry Duncan (minister)
Henry Duncan FRSE (8 October 1774 – 12 February 1846) was a Scottish minister, geologist and social reformer.
BankingHenry Grunfeld
Henry Grunfeld (1 June 1904 – 10 June 1999) was a merchant banker who played a prominent role in the development of investment banking and the growth of London as a financial centre following the Second World War.
BankingHenry Hope
Henry Hope (1735–1811) was an Amsterdam merchant banker born in Braintree, Province of Massachusetts Bay. He emigrated to the Netherlands to join the family business, the Dutch bank Hope & Co., at a young age. From 1779, Henry became the manager of Hope & Co. and participated in the firm for about a third from 1782. He is considered to be as great a genius as his uncle Thomas Hope who fo
Trading basicsHenry Silverman
Henry R. Silverman (born August 1, 1940) is an American entrepreneur and private equity investor. Silverman is best known for his role in building Cendant Corporation into a multibillion-dollar business services company that provided car rentals, travel reservation services as well as real estate brokerage services; it was also the largest franchisor of hotels globally.
Securities & exchangesHenry Tucker (Bermudian politician, born 1903)
Sir Henry James Tucker (14 March 1903 – 9 January 1986) was a Bermudian politician who was the first Government Leader of Bermuda. He is considered—together with Dr. E. F. Gordon (1895–1955)—one of the island's two most important leaders of the 20th century. Tucker first took office on 10 June 1968 and served until 29 December 1971 as a member of the United Bermuda Party (UBP), the polit
BankingHenry's Crime
Henry's Crime is a 2010 American romantic comedy crime film directed by Malcolm Venville and starring Keanu Reeves, Vera Farmiga, and James Caan. The film follows Henry (Reeves), who goes to jail for a bank robbery he did not commit. Once released, he plans to rob the same bank with his former cellmate Max (Caan). The film premiered at the Toronto International Film Festival on September
BankingHera Pheri (2000 film)
Hera Pheri (transl. Foul Play) is a 2000 Indian Hindi-language comedy drama film directed by Priyadarshan and originally written by Siddique-Lal and adapted screenplay by Neeraj Vora, starring Akshay Kumar, Suniel Shetty, Paresh Rawal, Tabu, Om Puri, Asrani, and Gulshan Grover. The film is a remake of 1989 Malayalam film Ramji Rao Speaking which itself was inspired by the 1971 American T
Trading basicsHerbert Haft
Herbert H. Haft (August 24, 1920 – September 1, 2004) was an American businessman who was famous first for the development of discount stores in the drug store, bookstore, and auto part businesses in Washington, D.C., and later as a corporate raider.
Trading basicsHerd behavior (economics)
In economics, herd behavior is commonly observed in stock market and marketing.
Trading basicsHi-pass
Hi-pass (Korean: 하이패스) is an electronic toll collection system for the expressways in South Korea that allows motorists to make wireless toll payments, without the need to stop.
Trading basicsHierarchy of precious substances
In popular culture, sets of precious substances may form hierarchies which express conventional perceived relative value or merit. Precious metals appear prominently in such hierarchies, but as they grow, gems and semi-precious materials may be introduced as part of the system. The sequences can provide interesting examples of the arbitrariness of semiotic signs.
FinanceHigh-frequency trading
High-frequency trading (HFT) is a type of algorithmic automated trading system in finance characterized by high speeds, high turnover rates, and high order-to-trade ratios that leverages high-frequency financial data and electronic trading tools. While there is no single definition of HFT, among its key attributes are highly sophisticated algorithms, co-location, and very short-term inve
Trading basicsHighmark
Highmark Inc is an American nonprofit healthcare company and integrated delivery network based in Pittsburgh. It is a large individual health insurer in the United States, which operates several nonprofit and for-profit subsidiaries.
BankingHighway 301 (film)
Highway 301 is an American 1950 film noir written and directed by Andrew L. Stone and starring Steve Cochran, Virginia Grey, Gaby André and Edmon Ryan.
Trading basicsHillary Clinton cattle futures controversy
In 1978 and 1979, lawyer and First Lady of Arkansas Hillary Rodham Clinton engaged in a series of trades of cattle futures contracts. Her initial $1,000 investment had generated nearly $100,000 (equivalent to $443,603.85 in 2025), when she stopped trading after ten months. In 1994, after Clinton had become First Lady of the United States, the trading became the subject of considerable co
Trading basicsHilton Worldwide
Hilton Worldwide Holdings Inc. is an American multinational hospitality company that manages and franchises a broad portfolio of hotels, resorts, and timeshare properties. Founded by Conrad Hilton in May 1919, the company is now led by Christopher J. Nassetta. Hilton is headquartered in Tysons, Virginia, United States.
Trading basicsHindenburg Research
Hindenburg Research LLC was a U.S. investment research firm with a focus on activist short-selling founded by Nathan Anderson in 2017. Named after the 1937 Hindenburg disaster, which they characterize as a human-made avoidable disaster, the firm generated public reports via its website that allege corporate fraud and malfeasance. Companies that were the subjects of their reports include
Trading basicsHire purchase
A hire purchase (HP), also known as an installment plan, is an arrangement whereby a customer agrees to a contract to acquire an asset by paying an initial installment (e.g., 40% of the total) and repaying the balance of the price of the asset plus interest over a period of time. Other analogous practices are described as closed-end leasing or rent-to-own.
Trading basicsHireRight
HireRight is a global family of background screening companies based in Nashville, Tennessee, United States, and registered in Delaware. In 2012, its HireRight Solutions Inc. entity was the first employment background screening firm the Federal Trade Commission (FTC) ever charged with violating the Fair Credit Reporting Act (FCRA).
Trading basicsHisense
Hisense Group Co., Ltd. is a Chinese multinational major appliance and electronics manufacturer headquartered in Qingdao, Shandong, China. Television sets are one of its principal products. In the first quarter of 2026, Hisense accounted for 13% of global television shipments, behind Samsung and TCL, according to Counterpoint Research. Hisense also operates as an original equipment manuf
Trading basicsHispanic Television Summit
The Hispanic Television Summit is an annual conference for those in the business of television and video for Hispanic viewers in the United States, and worldwide. The Hispanic Television Summit is presented by two business publications for the television industry, Broadcasting & Cable and Multichannel News, and is produced by Joe Schramm and Rafael Eli (deceased, 2020) of Schramm Market
Trading basicsHistorical money of Tibet
The use of historical money in Tibet started in ancient times, when Tibet had no coined currency of its own. Bartering was common, gold was a medium of exchange, and shell money and stone beads were used for very small purchases. A few coins from other countries were also occasionally in use.
FinanceHistory of banking
The history of banking began with the first prototype banks, that is, the merchants of the world, who gave grain loans to farmers and traders who carried goods between cities. This was around 2000 BCE in Assyria, India, and Sumer. Later, in ancient Greece and during the Roman Empire, lenders based in temples gave loans, while accepting deposits and performing the change of money. Archaeo
BankingHistory of banking in China
The history of banking in China includes the business of dealing with money and credit transactions in China.
BankingHistory of banking in Italy
The Etruscans and the early Romans did not have true minted coinage for many centuries. Debt and debt bondage, however, were probably rife. Wealthy landowners would make an "advance loan" of seed, foodstuffs or other essentials to tenants, clients and smallholders, in return for a promise of labour services or a substantial share of the crop. The terms of such "loans" compelled defaulter
BankingHistory of banking in Malta
The term "bank" is attributed to the tables used by "trapezitai", ancient Greek bankers, which provided currency exchange, money storage and loan services, facilitating trade. (See main article: History of Banking)
BankingHistory of banking in the United Kingdom
Banking in the United Kingdom began in the Kingdom of England in the 17th century. The first activity in what later came to be known as banking was by goldsmiths who, after the dissolution of English monasteries by Henry VIII, began to accumulate significant stocks of gold.
BankingHistory of banking in the United States
This article details the history of banking in the United States. Banking in the United States is regulated by both the federal and state governments.
Trading basicsHistory of bitcoin
Bitcoin is a cryptocurrency, a digital asset that uses cryptography to control its creation and management rather than relying on central authorities. Originally designed as a medium of exchange, Bitcoin is now primarily regarded as a store of value. The history of bitcoin started with its invention and implementation by Satoshi Nakamoto, who integrated many existing ideas from the crypt
Trading basicsHistory of Canadian currencies
The history of Canadian currencies began with Indigenous peoples in Canada prior to European contact, when they used items such as wampum and furs for trading purposes. The Indigenous peoples continued to use those items as currency when trade with Europeans began. During the period of French colonization, coins were introduced, as well as one of the first examples of paper currency by a
Fiat currenciesHistory of Chinese currency
The history of Chinese currency spans more than 3000 years from ancient China to imperial China and modern China. Currency of some type has been used in China since the Neolithic age which can be traced back to between 3000 and 4500 years ago. The history of China's monetary system traces back to the Shang dynasty (c. 1766–1154 BCE), where cowrie shells served as early currency. Cowry sh
Trading basicsHistory of coins in Italy
Italy has a long history of different coinage types, which spans thousands of years. Italy has been influential at a coinage point of view: the medieval Florentine florin, one of the most used coinage types in European history and one of the most important coins in Western history, was struck in Florence in the 13th century, while the Venetian sequin, minted from 1284 to 1797, was the mo
Fiat currenciesHistory of Croatian currency
The historic region of Croatia has used a variety of monetary currencies through its economic history. The nation's official currency has been the euro, since Croatia joined the Eurozone in 2023.
FinanceHistory of insurance
The history of insurance traces the development of the modern business of insurance against risks, especially regarding cargo, property, death, automobile accidents, and medical treatment.
BankingHistory of investment banking in the United States
Philadelphia financier Jay Cooke established the first modern American investment bank during the Civil War era. However, private banks had been providing investment banking functions since the beginning of the 19th century and many of these evolved into investment banks in the post-bellum era. However, the evolution of firms into investment banks did not follow a single trajectory. Fo
Trading basicsHistory of Kashmir
The history of Kashmir is intertwined with the history of the broader Indian subcontinent in South Asia with influences from the surrounding regions of Central, West and East Asia. Historically, Kashmir referred to only the Kashmir Valley of the western Himalayas. Today, it also denotes a larger area that includes the Indian-administered union territories of Jammu and Kashmir (which cons
FinanceHistory of monetary policy in China
The history of monetary policy in China involves the evolution of the Chinese government's monetary policies from different imperial dynasties to the modern reforms created and employed by the Chinese Communist Party (CCP). China's monetary system changed significantly during the imperial period, moving from bronze coins to paper currency long before Europe did. In ancient times, variou
BankingHistory of monetary policy in the United States
The history of monetary policy in the United States spans over two centuries of evolving approaches to managing the nation's money supply, credit availability, and interest rates.
BankingHistory of pawnbroking
Pawnbroking, lending money on portable security, began in ancient history. The practice was widespread in many parts of the world, from ancient Greece to medieval China and medieval Europe.
Trading basicsHistory of Philippine money
The history of Philippine money covers currency in use before the Hispanic era with gold Piloncitos and other commodities in circulation, as well as the adoption of the peso during the Hispanic era and afterwards.
Trading basicsHistory of private equity and venture capital
The history of private equity, venture capital, and the development of these asset classes has occurred through a series of boom-and-bust cycles since the middle of the 20th century. Within the broader private equity industry, two distinct sub-industries, leveraged buyouts and venture capital experienced growth along parallel, although interrelated tracks.
Trading basicsHistory of public transport ticketing in New South Wales
Public transport ticketing in New South Wales, Australia has operated using a variety of different fare collection systems. Paper tickets were used until 1992, whilst magnetic tickets were used until 2016. The magnetic ticketing system, known variously as AFC, STATS and MyZone, was progressively replaced by a contactless smart card called Opal.
Trading basicsHistory of rent control in England and Wales
The history of rent control in England and Wales is a part of English land law concerning the development of rent regulation in England and Wales. Controlling the prices that landlords could make their tenants pay formed the main element of rent regulation, and was in place from 1915 until its abolition (excluding some council houses) by the Housing Act 1988.
Trading basicsHistory of the cooperative movement
The history of the cooperative movement concerns the origins and history of cooperatives across the world. Although cooperative arrangements, such as mutual insurance, and principles of cooperation existed long before, the cooperative movement began with the application of cooperative principles to business organization.
Fiat currenciesHistory of the euro
The euro came into existence on 1 January 1999, although it had been a goal of the European Union (EU) and its predecessors since the 1960s. After tough negotiations, the Maastricht Treaty entered into force in 1993 with the goal of creating an economic and monetary union (EMU) by 1999 for all EU states except the UK and Denmark (even though Denmark has a fixed exchange rate policy with
FinanceHistory of the Federal Reserve System
The United States Federal Reserve System is the central banking system of the United States. It was created on December 23, 1913.
Fiat currenciesHistory of the rupee
The history of the rupee traces back to ancient times in the Indian subcontinent. The mention of rūpya by Pāṇini is seemingly the earliest reference in a text about coins. The term in Indian subcontinent was used for referring to a coin.
Fiat currenciesHistory of the United States dollar
The history of the United States dollar began with moves by the Founding Fathers of the United States to establish a national currency based on the Spanish silver dollar, which had been in use in the North American colonies of the Kingdom of Great Britain for over 100 years prior to the United States Declaration of Independence. The new Congress's Coinage Act of 1792 established the Unit
BankingHjalmar Schacht
Horace Greeley Hjalmar Schacht (German: [ˈjalmaʁ ˈʃaxt]; 22 January 1877 – 3 June 1970) was a German economist, banker, politician, and co-founder of the German Democratic Party. He served as the Currency Commissioner and President of the Reichsbank during the Weimar Republic. He was a fierce critic of his country's post-World War I reparations obligations. He was also central in helping
Trading basicsHKeToll
HKeToll (Chinese: 易通行) is a free-flow tolling system owned by the Transport Department in Hong Kong. It is operated by Autotoll Limited. The system has been gradually put into use in various government-owned tunnels in Hong Kong to replace traditional toll booths and Autotoll from May 2023 onward.
Trading basicsHM Revenue and Customs
His Majesty's Revenue and Customs (commonly known as HMRC) is a department of the UK government responsible for the collection of taxes, the payment of some forms of state support, the administration of other regulatory regimes including the national minimum wage, and the issuance of national insurance numbers.
FinanceHM Treasury
His Majesty's Treasury (often shortened to HM Treasury, the Treasury or HMT) is the Government of the United Kingdom’s economic and finance ministry, managing the United Kingdom's public spending and setting its economic policy.
Trading basicsHoare Govett
Hoare Govett was a major British corporate brokerage firm based in London, England. The business was created by a merger between two well established stockbroker firms, Hoare & Co and Govett, Sons & Co. From 1984, the business had been a subsidiary, firstly owned by Security Pacific, until its own near collapse and purchase by Bank of America in 1992, when ABN Amro duly purchased the bus
BankingHochstetter family
The Höchstetter family (also rendered Hechstetter or Hochstetter), from Höchstädt in western Bavaria near the banks of the Danube, were members of the fifteenth and sixteenth-century mercantile patriciate of Augsburg.
FinanceHoldout problem
In finance, a holdout problem occurs when a bond issuer is in default or nears default, and launches an exchange offer in an attempt to restructure debt held by existing bond holders. Such exchange offers typically require the consent of holders of some minimum portion of the total outstanding debt, often in excess of 90%, because, unless the terms of the bond provide otherwise, non-con
BankingHollow Sword Blade Company
The Hollow Sword Blades Company was a British joint-stock company founded in 1691 by a goldsmith, Sir Stephen Evance, for the manufacture of hollow-ground rapiers.
FinanceHollywood accounting
Hollywood accounting (also known as Hollywood bookkeeping) is the opaque or "creative" set of accounting methods used by the film, video, television and music industry to budget and record profits for creative projects. Expenditures can be inflated to reduce or eliminate the reported profit of the project, thereby reducing the amount which the corporation must pay in taxes and royalties
BankingHollywood Boulevard (1976 film)
Hollywood Boulevard is a 1976 American satirical exploitation film directed by Allan Arkush and Joe Dante (in their respective directorial debuts), and starring Candice Rialson, Paul Bartel, and Mary Woronov. It follows an aspiring actress who has just arrived in Los Angeles, only to be hired by a reckless B movie film studio where she bears witness to a series of gruesome and fatal on-s